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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/manual.cli')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/manual.cli | 97 |
1 files changed, 93 insertions, 4 deletions
diff --git a/doc/manual.cli b/doc/manual.cli index 543ce57..b011a4f 100644 --- a/doc/manual.cli +++ b/doc/manual.cli @@ -4371,18 +4371,98 @@ value is to be provided, it should have a sensible default with a bias for simplicity and compatibility rather than the optimal result. For example, in the optional functionality case, the default should probably be to provide it. +\N|The \c{build2} build system currently provides no support for +\c{autoconf}-style probing of the build environment in order to automatically +discover available libraries, functions, features, etc. + +The main reason for omitting this support is the fundamental ambiguity and the +resulting brittleness of such probing due to the reliance on compiler, linker, +or test execution failures. Specifically, in many such tests it is impossible +for build system to distinguish between the missing feature, the broken test, +and the mis-configured build environment situations. This leads to requiring a +user intervention in the best case and to a mis-configured build in the +worst. Other issues with this approach include portability, speed (compiling +and linking take time), as well as limited applicability during +cross-compilation (specifically, inability to run tests). + +As a result, we recommend using build-time, \i{expectation-based} +configuration where your project expects a feature to be available if certain +conditions are met. Examples of such conditions at source code level include +C++ feature test macros, platform macros, runtime library macros, compiler +macros, etc., with the build system modules exposing some of the same +information via variables to allow making similar decisions in +\c{buildfiles}. Another alternative is to automatically adapt to missing +features using more advanced techniques such as C++ SFINAE. And where none of +this is possible, delegate the decision to the user via a configuration value. +Our experience with \c{build2} as well as those of other large cross-platform +projects such as Boost shows that this is a viable strategy. + +Having said that, \c{build2} does provide the ability to extract configuration +information from the environment (\c{$getenv()} function) or other tools +(\c{$process.run*()} family of functions). Note, however, that for this to work +reliably there should be no ambiguity between the \"no configuration +available\" case (if such a case is possible) and the \"something went +wrong\" case. We show a realistic example of this in \l{#proj-config-report +Configuration Report} where we extract the plugin directory from GCC +which may have been configured without plugin support.| As discussed in the introduction, the central part of the build configuration functionality are the \i{configuration variables}. They are automatically treated as overridable with global visibility and persisted by the \c{config} -module (see \l{#intro-operations-config Configuring} for details). +module (see \l{#intro-operations-config Configuring} for details). The +following example, based on the \c{libhello} project from the introduction, +provides an overview of the project configuration functionality with the +remainder of the chapter providing the detailed explanation of all the +parts shown as well as the alternative approaches. + +\ +libhello/ +├── build/ +│ ├── root.build +│ └── ... +├── libhello/ +│ ├── hello.cxx +│ ├── buildfile +│ └── ... +└── ... +\ + +\ +# build/root.build + +config [string] config.libhello.greeting ?= 'Hello' +\ + +\ +# libhello/buildfile + +cxx.poptions += \"-DLIBHELLO_GREETING=\\\"$config.libhello.greeting\\\"\" +\ + +\ +// lihello/hello.cxx + +void say_hello (ostream& o, const string& n) +{ + o << LIBHELLO_GREETING \", \" << n << '!' << endl; +} +\ + +\ +$ b configure config.libhello.greeting=Hi -v +config libhello@/tmp/libhello/ + greeting Hi + +$ b -v +g++ ... -DLIBHELLO_GREETING=\"Hi\" ... +\ By (enforced) convention, configuration variables start with \c{config.}, for example, \c{config.import.libhello}. In case of a build system module, the second component in its configuration variables should be the module name, for example, \c{config.cxx}, \c{config.cxx.coptions}. Similarly, project-specific configuration variables should have the project name as their second -component, for example, \c{config.libhello.fancy}. +component, for example, \c{config.libhello.greeting}. \N|More precisely, a project configuration variable must match the \c{config[.**].<project>.**} pattern where additional components may be @@ -4846,7 +4926,11 @@ on how this works). The rest is changed as follows: # libhello/buildfile lib{hello}: {hxx ixx txx cxx}{** -version -config} hxx{version config} + hxx{config}: in{config} +{ + install = false +} \ \ @@ -4865,8 +4949,8 @@ void say_hello (ostream& o, const string& n) \ \N|With this setup, the way to export configuration information to our -library's users is to install the configuration header, similar to how we do -it for the version header.| +library's users is to make the configuration header public and install it, +similar to how we do it for the version header.| Now that the macro-based version is working, let's see how we can take advantage of modern C++ features to hopefully improve on some of their @@ -4961,7 +5045,12 @@ namespace hello # libhello/buildfile lib{hello}: {hxx ixx txx cxx}{** -config} {hxx cxx}{config} + hxx{config}: in{config} +{ + install = false +} + cxx{config}: in{config} \ |