path: root/libbuild2/cc/common.cxx

// file      : libbuild2/cc/common.cxx -*- C++ -*-
// copyright : Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Code Synthesis Ltd
// license   : MIT; see accompanying LICENSE file

#include <libbuild2/cc/common.hxx>

#include <libbuild2/file.hxx>        // import()
#include <libbuild2/scope.hxx>
#include <libbuild2/variable.hxx>
#include <libbuild2/algorithm.hxx>
#include <libbuild2/filesystem.hxx>
#include <libbuild2/diagnostics.hxx>

#include <libbuild2/cc/utility.hxx>

using namespace std;
using namespace butl;

namespace build2
{
  namespace cc
  {
    using namespace bin;

    // Recursively process prerequisite libraries. If proc_impl returns false,
    // then only process interface (*.export.libs), otherwise -- interface and
    // implementation (prerequisite and from *.libs, unless overriden).
    //
    // Note that here we assume that an interface library is also an
    // implementation (since we don't use *.export.libs in static link). We
    // currently have this restriction to make sure the target in
    // *.export.libs is up-to-date (which will happen automatically if it is
    // listed as a prerequisite of this library).
    //
    // Storing a reference to library path in proc_lib is legal (it comes
    // either from the target's path or from one of the *.libs variables
    // neither of which should change on this run).
    //
    // Note that the order of processing is:
    //
    // 1. options
    // 2. lib itself (if self is true)
    // 3. dependency libs (prerequisite_targets, left to right, depth-first)
    // 4. dependency libs (*.libs variables).
    //
    // The first argument to proc_lib is a pointer to the last element of an
    // array that contains the current library dependency chain all the way to
    // the library passes to process_libraries(). The first element of this
    // array is NULL.
    //
    void common::
    process_libraries (
      action a,
      const scope& top_bs,
      linfo top_li,
      const dir_paths& top_sysd,
      const file& l,
      bool la,
      lflags lf,
      const function<bool (const file&,
                           bool la)>& proc_impl, // Implementation?
      const function<void (const file* const*,   // Can be NULL.
                           const string& path,   // Library path.
                           lflags,               // Link flags.
                           bool sys)>& proc_lib, // True if system library.
      const function<void (const file&,
                           const string& type,   // cc.type
                           bool com,             // cc. or x.
                           bool exp)>& proc_opt, // *.export.
      bool self /*= false*/,                     // Call proc_lib on l?
      small_vector<const file*, 16>* chain) const
    {
      small_vector<const file*, 16> chain_storage;
      if (chain == nullptr)
      {
        chain = &chain_storage;
        chain->push_back (nullptr);
      }

      // See what type of library this is (C, C++, etc). Use it do decide
      // which x.libs variable name to use. If it's unknown, then we only
      // look into prerequisites. Note: lookup starting from rule-specific
      // variables (target should already be matched).
      //
      const string* t (cast_null<string> (l.state[a][c_type]));

      bool impl (proc_impl && proc_impl (l, la));
      bool cc (false), same (false);

      auto& vp (top_bs.ctx.var_pool);
      lookup c_e_libs;
      lookup x_e_libs;

      if (t != nullptr)
      {
        cc = *t == "cc";
        same = !cc && *t == x;

        // The explicit export override should be set on the liba/libs{}
        // target itself. Note also that we only check for *.libs. If one
        // doesn't have any libraries but needs to set, say, *.loptions, then
        // *.libs should be set to NULL or empty (this is why we check for
        // the result being defined).
        //
        if (impl)
          c_e_libs = l.vars[c_export_libs]; // Override.
        else if (l.group != nullptr) // lib{} group.
          c_e_libs = l.group->vars[c_export_libs];

        if (!cc)
        {
          const variable& var (same
                               ? x_export_libs
                               : vp[*t + ".export.libs"]);

          if (impl)
            x_e_libs = l.vars[var]; // Override.
          else if (l.group != nullptr) // lib{} group.
            x_e_libs = l.group->vars[var];
        }

        // Process options first.
        //
        if (proc_opt)
        {
          // If all we know is it's a C-common library, then in both cases we
          // only look for cc.export.*.
          //
          if (cc)
            proc_opt (l, *t, true, true);
          else
          {
            if (impl)
            {
              // Interface and implementation: as discussed above, we can have
              // two situations: overriden export or default export.
              //
              if (c_e_libs.defined () || x_e_libs.defined ())
              {
                // NOTE: should this not be from l.vars rather than l? Or
                // perhaps we can assume non-common values will be set on
                // libs{}/liba{}.
                //
                proc_opt (l, *t, true, true);
                proc_opt (l, *t, false, true);
              }
              else
              {
                // For default export we use the same options as were used to
                // build the library.
                //
                proc_opt (l, *t, true, false);
                proc_opt (l, *t, false, false);
              }
            }
            else
            {
              // Interface: only add *.export.* (interface dependencies).
              //
              proc_opt (l, *t, true, true);
              proc_opt (l, *t, false, true);
            }
          }
        }
      }

      // Determine if an absolute path is to a system library. Note that
      // we assume both paths to be normalized.
      //
      auto sys = [] (const dir_paths& sysd, const string& p) -> bool
      {
        size_t pn (p.size ());

        for (const dir_path& d: sysd)
        {
          const string& ds (d.string ()); // Can be "/", otherwise no slash.
          size_t dn (ds.size ());

          if (pn > dn &&
              p.compare (0, dn, ds) == 0 &&
              (path::traits_type::is_separator (ds[dn - 1]) ||
               path::traits_type::is_separator (p[dn])))
            return true;
        }

        return false;
      };

      // Next process the library itself if requested.
      //
      if (self && proc_lib)
      {
        chain->push_back (&l);

        // Note that while normally the path is assigned, in case of an import
        // stub the path to the DLL may not be known and so the path will be
        // empty (but proc_lib() will use the import stub).
        //
        const path& p (l.path ());

        bool s (t != nullptr // If cc library (matched or imported).
                ? cast_false<bool> (l.vars[c_system])
                : !p.empty () && sys (top_sysd, p.string ()));

        proc_lib (&chain->back (), p.string (), lf, s);
      }

      const scope& bs (t == nullptr || cc ? top_bs : l.base_scope ());
      optional<linfo> li;                        // Calculate lazily.
      const dir_paths* sysd (nullptr);           // Resolve lazily.

      // Find system search directories corresponding to this library, i.e.,
      // from its project and for its type (C, C++, etc).
      //
      auto find_sysd = [&top_sysd, t, cc, same, &bs, &sysd, this] ()
      {
        // Use the search dirs corresponding to this library scope/type.
        //
        sysd = (t == nullptr || cc)
        ? &top_sysd // Imported library, use importer's sysd.
        : &cast<dir_paths> (
          bs.root_scope ()->vars[same
                                 ? x_sys_lib_dirs
                                 : bs.ctx.var_pool[*t + ".sys_lib_dirs"]]);
      };

      auto find_linfo = [top_li, t, cc, &bs, &l, &li] ()
      {
        li = (t == nullptr || cc)
        ? top_li
        : link_info (bs, link_type (l).type);
      };

      // Only go into prerequisites (implementation) if instructed and we are
      // not using explicit export. Otherwise, interface dependencies come
      // from the lib{}:*.export.libs below.
      //
      if (impl && !c_e_libs.defined () && !x_e_libs.defined ())
      {
        for (const prerequisite_target& pt: l.prerequisite_targets[a])
        {
          // Note: adhoc prerequisites are not part of the library meta-
          // information protocol.
          //
          if (pt == nullptr || pt.adhoc)
            continue;

          bool la;
          const file* f;

          if ((la = (f = pt->is_a<liba>  ())) ||
              (la = (f = pt->is_a<libux> ())) ||
              (      f = pt->is_a<libs>  ()))
          {
            if (sysd == nullptr) find_sysd ();
            if (!li) find_linfo ();

            process_libraries (a, bs, *li, *sysd,
                               *f, la, pt.data,
                               proc_impl, proc_lib, proc_opt, true, chain);
          }
        }
      }

      // Process libraries (recursively) from *.export.libs (of type names)
      // handling import, etc.
      //
      // If it is not a C-common library, then it probably doesn't have any of
      // the *.libs.
      //
      if (t != nullptr)
      {
        optional<dir_paths> usrd; // Extract lazily.

        // Determine if a "simple path" is a system library.
        //
        auto sys_simple = [&sysd, &sys, &find_sysd] (const string& p) -> bool
        {
          bool s (!path::traits_type::absolute (p));

          if (!s)
          {
            if (sysd == nullptr) find_sysd ();

            s = sys (*sysd, p);
          }

          return s;
        };

        auto proc_int = [&l,
                         &proc_impl, &proc_lib, &proc_opt, chain,
                         &sysd, &usrd,
                         &find_sysd, &find_linfo, &sys_simple,
                         &bs, a, &li, this] (const lookup& lu)
        {
          const vector<name>* ns (cast_null<vector<name>> (lu));
          if (ns == nullptr || ns->empty ())
            return;

          for (const name& n: *ns)
          {
            if (n.simple ())
            {
              // This is something like -lpthread or shell32.lib so should be
              // a valid path. But it can also be an absolute library path
              // (e.g., something that may come from our .static/shared.pc
              // files).
              //
              if (proc_lib)
                proc_lib (nullptr, n.value, 0, sys_simple (n.value));
            }
            else
            {
              // This is a potentially project-qualified target.
              //
              if (sysd == nullptr) find_sysd ();
              if (!li) find_linfo ();

              const file& t (resolve_library (a, bs, n, *li, *sysd, usrd));

              if (proc_lib)
              {
                // This can happen if the target is mentioned in *.export.libs
                // (i.e., it is an interface dependency) but not in the
                // library's prerequisites (i.e., it is not an implementation
                // dependency).
                //
                // Note that we used to just check for path being assigned but
                // on Windows import-installed DLLs may legally have empty
                // paths.
                //
                if (t.mtime () == timestamp_unknown)
                  fail << "interface dependency " << t << " is out of date" <<
                    info << "mentioned in *.export.libs of target " << l <<
                    info << "is it a prerequisite of " << l << "?";
              }

              // Process it recursively.
              //
              // @@ Where can we get the link flags? Should we try to find
              //    them in the library's prerequisites? What about installed
              //    stuff?
              //
              process_libraries (a, bs, *li, *sysd,
                                 t, t.is_a<liba> () || t.is_a<libux> (), 0,
                                 proc_impl, proc_lib, proc_opt, true, chain);
            }
          }
        };

        // Process libraries from *.libs (of type strings).
        //
        auto proc_imp = [&proc_lib, &sys_simple] (const lookup& lu)
        {
          const strings* ns (cast_null<strings> (lu));
          if (ns == nullptr || ns->empty ())
            return;

          for (const string& n: *ns)
          {
            // This is something like -lpthread or shell32.lib so should be a
            // valid path.
            //
            proc_lib (nullptr, n, 0, sys_simple (n));
          }
        };

        // Note: the same structure as when processing options above.
        //
        // If all we know is it's a C-common library, then in both cases we
        // only look for cc.export.libs.
        //
        if (cc)
        {
          if (c_e_libs) proc_int (c_e_libs);
        }
        else
        {
          if (impl)
          {
            // Interface and implementation: as discussed above, we can have
            // two situations: overriden export or default export.
            //
            if (c_e_libs.defined () || x_e_libs.defined ())
            {
              if (c_e_libs) proc_int (c_e_libs);
              if (x_e_libs) proc_int (x_e_libs);
            }
            else
            {
              // For default export we use the same options/libs as were used
              // to build the library. Since libraries in (non-export) *.libs
              // are not targets, we don't need to recurse.
              //
              if (proc_lib)
              {
                proc_imp (l[c_libs]);
                proc_imp (l[same ? x_libs : vp[*t + ".libs"]]);
              }
            }
          }
          else
          {
            // Interface: only add *.export.* (interface dependencies).
            //
            if (c_e_libs) proc_int (c_e_libs);
            if (x_e_libs) proc_int (x_e_libs);
          }
        }
      }

      // Remove this library from the chain.
      //
      if (self && proc_lib)
        chain->pop_back ();
    }

    // The name can be an absolute or relative target name (for example,
    // /tmp/libfoo/lib{foo} or ../libfoo/lib{foo}) or a project-qualified
    // relative target name (e.g., libfoo%lib{foo}).
    //
    // Note that in case of the relative target that comes from export.libs,
    // the resolution happens relative to the base scope of the target from
    // which this export.libs came, which is exactly what we want.
    //
    // Note that the scope, search paths, and the link order should all be
    // derived from the library target that mentioned this name. This way we
    // will select exactly the same target as the library's matched rule and
    // that's the only way to guarantee it will be up-to-date.
    //
    const file& common::
    resolve_library (action a,
                     const scope& s,
                     name n,
                     linfo li,
                     const dir_paths& sysd,
                     optional<dir_paths>& usrd) const
    {
      if (n.type != "lib" && n.type != "liba" && n.type != "libs")
        fail << "target name " << n << " is not a library";

      const target* xt (nullptr);

      if (!n.qualified ())
      {
        // Search for an existing target with this name "as if" it was a
        // prerequisite.
        //
        xt = search_existing (n, s);

        if (xt == nullptr)
          fail << "unable to find library " << n;
      }
      else
      {
        // This is import.
        //
        auto rp (s.find_target_type (n, location ())); // Note: changes name.
        const target_type* tt (rp.first);
        optional<string>& ext (rp.second);

        if (tt == nullptr)
          fail << "unknown target type '" << n.type << "' in library " << n;

        // @@ OUT: for now we assume out is undetermined, just like in
        // search (name, scope).
        //
        dir_path out;

        prerequisite_key pk {n.proj, {tt, &n.dir, &out, &n.value, ext}, &s};
        xt = search_library_existing (a, sysd, usrd, pk);

        if (xt == nullptr)
        {
          if (n.qualified ())
            xt = import_existing (s.ctx, pk);
        }

        if (xt == nullptr)
          fail << "unable to find library " << pk;
      }

      // If this is lib{}/libu*{}, pick appropriate member.
      //
      if (const libx* l = xt->is_a<libx> ())
        xt = link_member (*l, a, li); // Pick lib*{e,a,s}{}.

      return xt->as<file> ();
    }

    // Insert a target verifying that it already exists if requested. Return
    // the lock.
    //
    template <typename T>
    ulock common::
    insert_library (context& ctx,
                    T*& r,
                    const string& name,
                    const dir_path& d,
                    optional<string> ext,
                    bool exist,
                    tracer& trace)
    {
      auto p (ctx.targets.insert_locked (T::static_type,
                                         d,
                                         dir_path (),
                                         name,
                                         move (ext),
                                         true, // Implied.
                                         trace));

      assert (!exist || !p.second.owns_lock ());
      r = &p.first.template as<T> ();
      return move (p.second);
    }

    // Note that pk's scope should not be NULL (even if dir is absolute).
    //
    target* common::
    search_library (action act,
                    const dir_paths& sysd,
                    optional<dir_paths>& usrd,
                    const prerequisite_key& p,
                    bool exist) const
    {
      tracer trace (x, "search_library");

      assert (p.scope != nullptr);

      // @@ This is hairy enough to warrant a separate implementation for
      //    Windows.

      // Note: since we are searching for a (presumably) installed library,
      // utility libraries do not apply.
      //
      bool l (p.is_a<lib> ());
      const optional<string>& ext (l ? nullopt : p.tk.ext); // Only liba/libs.

      // First figure out what we need to search for.
      //
      const string& name (*p.tk.name);

      // liba
      //
      path an;
      optional<string> ae;

      if (l || p.is_a<liba> ())
      {
        // We are trying to find a library in the search paths extracted from
        // the compiler. It would only be natural if we used the library
        // prefix/extension that correspond to this compiler and/or its
        // target.
        //
        // Unlike MinGW, VC's .lib/.dll.lib naming is by no means standard and
        // we might need to search for other names. In fact, there is no
        // reliable way to guess from the file name what kind of library it
        // is, static or import and we will have to do deep inspection of such
        // alternative names. However, if we did find .dll.lib, then we can
        // assume that .lib is the static library without any deep inspection
        // overhead.
        //
        const char* e ("");

        if (tsys == "win32-msvc")
        {
          an = path (name);
          e = "lib";
        }
        else
        {
          an = path ("lib" + name);
          e = "a";
        }

        ae = ext ? ext : string (e);
        if (!ae->empty ())
        {
          an += '.';
          an += *ae;
        }
      }

      // libs
      //
      path sn;
      optional<string> se;

      if (l || p.is_a<libs> ())
      {
        const char* e ("");

        if (tsys == "win32-msvc")
        {
          sn = path (name);
          e = "dll.lib";
        }
        else
        {
          sn = path ("lib" + name);

          if      (tsys == "darwin")  e = "dylib";
          else if (tsys == "mingw32") e = "dll.a"; // See search code below.
          else                        e = "so";
        }

        se = ext ? ext : string (e);
        if (!se->empty ())
        {
          sn += '.';
          sn += *se;
        }
      }

      // Now search.
      //
      liba* a (nullptr);
      libs* s (nullptr);

      pair<path, path> pc; // pkg-config .pc file paths.
      path f;              // Reuse the buffer.

      auto search =[&a, &s, &pc,
                    &an, &ae,
                    &sn, &se,
                    &name, ext,
                    &p, &f, exist, &trace, this] (const dir_path& d) -> bool
      {
        context& ctx (p.scope->ctx);

        timestamp mt;

        // libs
        //
        // Look for the shared library first. The order is important for VC:
        // only if we found .dll.lib can we safely assumy that just .lib is a
        // static library.
        //
        if (!sn.empty ())
        {
          f = d;
          f /= sn;
          mt = mtime (f);

          if (mt != timestamp_nonexistent)
          {
            // On Windows what we found is the import library which we need
            // to make the first ad hoc member of libs{}.
            //
            if (tclass == "windows")
            {
              libi* i (nullptr);
              insert_library (ctx, i, name, d, se, exist, trace);

              ulock l (
                insert_library (ctx, s, name, d, nullopt, exist, trace));

              if (!exist)
              {
                if (l.owns_lock ())
                {
                  s->member = i; // We are first.
                  l.unlock ();
                }
                else
                  assert (find_adhoc_member<libi> (*s) == i);

                i->mtime (mt);
                i->path (move (f));

                // Presumably there is a DLL somewhere, we just don't know
                // where (and its possible we might have to look for one if we
                // decide we need to do rpath emulation for installed
                // libraries as well). We will represent this as empty path
                // but valid timestamp (aka "trust me, it's there").
                //
                s->mtime (mt);
                s->path (empty_path);
              }
            }
            else
            {
              insert_library (ctx, s, name, d, se, exist, trace);

              s->mtime (mt);
              s->path (move (f));
            }
          }
          else if (!ext && tsys == "mingw32")
          {
            // Above we searched for the import library (.dll.a) but if it's
            // not found, then we also search for the .dll (unless the
            // extension was specified explicitly) since we can link to it
            // directly. Note also that the resulting libs{} would end up
            // being the .dll.
            //
            se = string ("dll");
            f = f.base (); // Remove .a from .dll.a.
            mt = mtime (f);

            if (mt != timestamp_nonexistent)
            {
              insert_library (ctx, s, name, d, se, exist, trace);

              s->mtime (mt);
              s->path (move (f));
            }
          }
        }

        // liba
        //
        // If we didn't find .dll.lib then we cannot assume .lib is static.
        //
        if (!an.empty () && (s != nullptr || tsys != "win32-msvc"))
        {
          f = d;
          f /= an;

          if ((mt = mtime (f)) != timestamp_nonexistent)
          {
            // Enter the target. Note that because the search paths are
            // normalized, the result is automatically normalized as well.
            //
            // Note that this target is outside any project which we treat
            // as out trees.
            //
            insert_library (ctx, a, name, d, ae, exist, trace);
            a->mtime (mt);
            a->path (move (f));
          }
        }

        // Alternative search for VC.
        //
        if (tsys == "win32-msvc")
        {
          const scope& rs (*p.scope->root_scope ());
          const process_path& ld (cast<process_path> (rs["bin.ld.path"]));

          if (s == nullptr && !sn.empty ())
            s = msvc_search_shared (ld, d, p, exist);

          if (a == nullptr && !an.empty ())
            a = msvc_search_static (ld, d, p, exist);
        }

        // Look for binary-less libraries via pkg-config .pc files. Note that
        // it is possible we have already found one of them as binfull but the
        // other is binless.
        //
        {
          bool na (a == nullptr && !an.empty ()); // Need static.
          bool ns (s == nullptr && !sn.empty ()); // Need shared.

          if (na || ns)
          {
            // Only consider the common .pc file if we can be sure there
            // is no binfull variant.
            //
            pair<path, path> r (
              pkgconfig_search (d, p.proj, name, na && ns /* common */));

            if (na && !r.first.empty ())
            {
              insert_library (ctx, a, name, d, nullopt, exist, trace);
              a->mtime (timestamp_unreal);
              a->path (empty_path);
            }

            if (ns && !r.second.empty ())
            {
              insert_library (ctx, s, name, d, nullopt, exist, trace);
              s->mtime (timestamp_unreal);
              s->path (empty_path);
            }

            // Only keep these .pc paths if we found anything via them.
            //
            if ((na && a != nullptr) || (ns && s != nullptr))
              pc = move (r);
          }
        }

        return a != nullptr || s != nullptr;
      };

      // First try user directories (i.e., -L).
      //
      bool sys (false);

      if (!usrd)
        usrd = extract_library_dirs (*p.scope);

      const dir_path* pd (nullptr);
      for (const dir_path& d: *usrd)
      {
        if (search (d))
        {
          pd = &d;
          break;
        }
      }

      // Next try system directories (i.e., those extracted from the compiler).
      //
      if (pd == nullptr)
      {
        for (const dir_path& d: sysd)
        {
          if (search (d))
          {
            pd = &d;
            break;
          }
        }

        sys = true;
      }

      if (pd == nullptr)
        return nullptr;

      // Enter (or find) the lib{} target group.
      //
      lib* lt;
      insert_library (
        p.scope->ctx, lt, name, *pd, l ? p.tk.ext : nullopt, exist, trace);

      // Result.
      //
      target* r (l ? lt : (p.is_a<liba> () ? static_cast<target*> (a) : s));

      // Assume the rest is already done if existing.
      //
      if (exist)
        return r;

      // If we cannot acquire the lock then this mean the target has already
      // been matched (though not clear by whom) and we assume all of this
      // has already been done.
      //
      target_lock ll (lock (act, *lt));

      // Set lib{} group members to indicate what's available. Note that we
      // must be careful here since its possible we have already imported some
      // of its members.
      //
      if (ll)
      {
        if (a != nullptr) lt->a = a;
        if (s != nullptr) lt->s = s;
      }

      target_lock al (a != nullptr ? lock (act, *a) : target_lock ());
      target_lock sl (s != nullptr ? lock (act, *s) : target_lock ());

      if (!al) a = nullptr;
      if (!sl) s = nullptr;

      if (a != nullptr) a->group = lt;
      if (s != nullptr) s->group = lt;

      // Mark as a "cc" library (unless already marked) and set the system
      // flag.
      //
      auto mark_cc = [sys, this] (target& t) -> bool
      {
        auto p (t.vars.insert (c_type));

        if (p.second)
        {
          p.first.get () = string ("cc");

          if (sys)
            t.vars.assign (c_system) = true;
        }

        return p.second;
      };

      // If the library already has cc.type, then assume it was either
      // already imported or was matched by a rule.
      //
      if (a != nullptr && !mark_cc (*a)) a = nullptr;
      if (s != nullptr && !mark_cc (*s)) s = nullptr;

      // Add the "using static/shared library" macro (used, for example, to
      // handle DLL export). The absence of either of these macros would
      // mean some other build system that cannot distinguish between the
      // two (and no pkg-config information).
      //
      auto add_macro = [this] (target& t, const char* suffix)
      {
        // If there is already a value (either in cc.export or x.export),
        // don't add anything: we don't want to be accumulating defines nor
        // messing with custom values. And if we are adding, then use the
        // generic cc.export.
        //
        // The only way we could already have this value is if this same
        // library was also imported as a project (as opposed to installed).
        // Unlikely but possible. In this case the values were set by the
        // export stub and we shouldn't touch them.
        //
        if (!t.vars[x_export_poptions])
        {
          auto p (t.vars.insert (c_export_poptions));

          if (p.second)
          {
            // The "standard" macro name will be LIB<NAME>_{STATIC,SHARED},
            // where <name> is the target name. Here we want to strike a
            // balance between being unique and not too noisy.
            //
            string d ("-DLIB");

            d += sanitize_identifier (
              ucase (const_cast<const string&> (t.name)));

            d += '_';
            d += suffix;

            strings o;
            o.push_back (move (d));
            p.first.get () = move (o);
          }
        }
      };

      if (ll && (a != nullptr || s != nullptr))
      {
        // Try to extract library information from pkg-config. We only add the
        // default macro if we could not extract more precise information. The
        // idea is that in .pc files that we generate, we copy those macros
        // (or custom ones) from *.export.poptions.
        //
        if (pc.first.empty () && pc.second.empty ())
        {
          if (!pkgconfig_load (act, *p.scope,
                               *lt, a, s,
                               p.proj, name,
                               *pd, sysd, *usrd))
          {
            if (a != nullptr) add_macro (*a, "STATIC");
            if (s != nullptr) add_macro (*s, "SHARED");
          }
        }
        else
          pkgconfig_load (act, *p.scope, *lt, a, s, pc, *pd, sysd, *usrd);
      }

      // If we have the lock (meaning this is the first time), set the
      // traget's recipe to noop. Failed that we will keep re-locking it,
      // updating its members, etc.
      //
      if (al) match_recipe (al, noop_recipe);
      if (sl) match_recipe (sl, noop_recipe);
      if (ll) match_recipe (ll, noop_recipe);

      return r;
    }

    dir_paths common::
    extract_library_dirs (const scope& bs) const
    {
      dir_paths r;

      // Extract user-supplied search paths (i.e., -L, /LIBPATH).
      //
      auto extract = [&bs, &r, this] (const value& val, const variable& var)
      {
        const auto& v (cast<strings> (val));

        for (auto i (v.begin ()), e (v.end ()); i != e; ++i)
        {
          const string& o (*i);

          dir_path d;

          try
          {
            if (cclass == compiler_class::msvc)
            {
              // /LIBPATH:<dir> (case-insensitive).
              //
              if ((o[0] == '/' || o[0] == '-') &&
                  casecmp (o.c_str () + 1, "LIBPATH:", 8) == 0)
                d = dir_path (o, 9, string::npos);
              else
                continue;
            }
            else
            {
              // -L can either be in the "-L<dir>" or "-L <dir>" form.
              //
              if (o == "-L")
              {
                if (++i == e)
                  break; // Let the compiler complain.

                d = dir_path (*i);
              }
              else if (o.compare (0, 2, "-L") == 0)
                d = dir_path (o, 2, string::npos);
              else
                continue;
            }
          }
          catch (const invalid_path& e)
          {
            fail << "invalid directory '" << e.path << "'"
                 << " in option '" << o << "'"
                 << " in variable " << var
                 << " for scope " << bs;
          }

          // Ignore relative paths. Or maybe we should warn?
          //
          if (!d.relative ())
            r.push_back (move (d));
        }
      };

      if (auto l = bs[c_loptions]) extract (*l, c_loptions);
      if (auto l = bs[x_loptions]) extract (*l, x_loptions);

      return r;
    }
  }
}