// file : mod/mod-ci-github.cxx -*- C++ -*- // license : MIT; see accompanying LICENSE file #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include // @@ TODO Remove once debug output has been removed. // @@ TODO // // Building CI checks with a GitHub App // https://docs.github.com/en/apps/creating-github-apps/writing-code-for-a-github-app/building-ci-checks-with-a-github-app // // @@ TODO Best practices // // Webhooks: // https://docs.github.com/en/webhooks/using-webhooks/best-practices-for-using-webhooks // https://docs.github.com/en/webhooks/using-webhooks/validating-webhook-deliveries // // REST API: // https://docs.github.com/en/rest/using-the-rest-api/best-practices-for-using-the-rest-api?apiVersion=2022-11-28 // // Creating an App: // https://docs.github.com/en/apps/creating-github-apps/about-creating-github-apps/best-practices-for-creating-a-github-app // // Use a webhook secret to ensure request is coming from Github. HMAC: // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC#Definition. A suitable implementation // is provided by OpenSSL. using namespace std; using namespace butl; using namespace web; using namespace brep::cli; namespace brep { using namespace gh; ci_github:: ci_github (tenant_service_map& tsm) : tenant_service_map_ (tsm) { } ci_github:: ci_github (const ci_github& r, tenant_service_map& tsm) : handler (r), ci_start (r), options_ (r.initialized_ ? r.options_ : nullptr), tenant_service_map_ (tsm) { } void ci_github:: init (scanner& s) { { shared_ptr ts ( dynamic_pointer_cast (shared_from_this ())); assert (ts != nullptr); // By definition. tenant_service_map_["ci-github"] = move (ts); } options_ = make_shared ( s, unknown_mode::fail, unknown_mode::fail); // Prepare for the CI requests handling, if configured. // if (options_->ci_github_app_webhook_secret_specified ()) { ci_start::init (make_shared (*options_)); } } bool ci_github:: handle (request& rq, response&) { using namespace bpkg; HANDLER_DIAG; if (!options_->ci_github_app_webhook_secret_specified ()) throw invalid_request (404, "GitHub CI request submission disabled"); // Process headers. // // @@ TMP Shouldn't we also error<< in some of these header problem cases? // // @@ TMP From GitHub docs: "You can create webhooks that subscribe to the // events listed on this page." // // So it seems appropriate to generally use the term "event" (which // we already do for the most part), and "webhook event" only when // more context would be useful? // string event; // Webhook event. string hmac; // Received HMAC. { bool content_type (false); for (const name_value& h: rq.headers ()) { // HMAC authenticating this request. Note that it won't be present // unless a webhook secret has been set in the GitHub app's settings. // if (icasecmp (h.name, "x-hub-signature-256") == 0) { if (!h.value) throw invalid_request (400, "missing x-hub-signature-256 value"); // Parse the x-hub-signature-256 header value. For example: // // sha256=5e82258... // // Check for the presence of the "sha256=" prefix and then strip it // to leave only the HMAC value. // if (h.value->find ("sha256=", 0, 7) == string::npos) throw invalid_request (400, "invalid x-hub-signature-256 value"); hmac = h.value->substr (7); } // This event's UUID. // else if (icasecmp (h.name, "x-github-delivery") == 0) { // @@ TODO Check that delivery UUID has not been received before // (replay attack). } else if (icasecmp (h.name, "content-type") == 0) { if (!h.value) throw invalid_request (400, "missing content-type value"); if (icasecmp (*h.value, "application/json") != 0) { throw invalid_request (400, "invalid content-type value: '" + *h.value + '\''); } content_type = true; } // The webhook event. // else if (icasecmp (h.name, "x-github-event") == 0) { if (!h.value) throw invalid_request (400, "missing x-github-event value"); event = *h.value; } } if (!content_type) throw invalid_request (400, "missing content-type header"); if (event.empty ()) throw invalid_request (400, "missing x-github-event header"); if (hmac.empty ()) throw invalid_request (400, "missing x-hub-signature-256 header"); } // Read the entire request body into a buffer because we need to compute // an HMAC over it and then parse it as JSON. The alternative of reading // from the stream twice works out to be more complicated (see also @@ // TODO item in web/server/module.hxx). // string body; { // Note that even though we may not need caching right now, we may later // (e.g., to support cancel) so let's just enable it right away. // size_t limit (128 * 1024); istream& is (rq.content (limit, limit)); try { getline (is, body, '\0'); } catch (const io_error& e) { fail << "unable to read request body: " << e; } } // Verify the received HMAC. // // Compute the HMAC value over the request body using the configured // webhook secret as key and compare it to the received HMAC. // try { string h ( compute_hmac (*options_, body.data (), body.size (), options_->ci_github_app_webhook_secret ().c_str ())); if (!icasecmp (h, hmac)) { string m ("computed HMAC does not match received HMAC"); error << m; throw invalid_request (400, move (m)); } } catch (const system_error& e) { fail << "unable to compute request HMAC: " << e; } // There is a webhook event (specified in the x-github-event header) and // each event contains a bunch of actions (specified in the JSON request // body). // // Note: "GitHub continues to add new event types and new actions to // existing event types." As a result we ignore known actions that we are // not interested in and log and ignore unknown actions. The thinking here // is that we want be "notified" of new actions at which point we can decide // whether to ignore them or to handle. // if (event == "check_suite") { check_suite_event cs; try { json::parser p (body.data (), body.size (), "check_suite event"); cs = check_suite_event (p); } catch (const json::invalid_json_input& e) { string m ("malformed JSON in " + e.name + " request body"); error << m << ", line: " << e.line << ", column: " << e.column << ", byte offset: " << e.position << ", error: " << e; throw invalid_request (400, move (m)); } if (cs.action == "requested") { return handle_check_suite_request (move (cs)); } else if (cs.action == "rerequested") { // Someone manually requested to re-run the check runs in this check // suite. Treat as a new request. // // @@ TMP Creating check_runs with same names as before will update // the existing check_runs on GitHub (as opposed to creating // new check_runs with the same names). // return handle_check_suite_request (move (cs)); } else if (cs.action == "completed") { // GitHub thinks that "all the check runs in this check suite have // completed and a conclusion is available". Looks like this one we // ignore? // // @@ TODO What if our bookkeeping says otherwise? See conclusion // field which includes timedout. Need to come back to this once // have the "happy path" implemented. // return true; } else { // Ignore unknown actions by sending a 200 response with empty body // but also log as an error since we want to notice new actions. // error << "unknown action '" << cs.action << "' in check_suite event"; return true; } } else if (event == "pull_request") { // @@ TODO throw invalid_request (501, "pull request events not implemented yet"); } else { // Log to investigate. // error << "unexpected event '" << event << "'"; throw invalid_request (400, "unexpected event: '" + event + "'"); } } // GraphQL serialization functions. // // The GraphQL spec: // https://spec.graphql.org/ // // The GitHub GraphQL API reference: // https://docs.github.com/en/graphql/reference/ // // Check that a string is a valid GraphQL name. // // GraphQL names can contain only alphanumeric characters and underscores // and cannot begin with a digit (so basically a C identifier). // // Return the name or throw invalid_argument if it is invalid. // static const string& gq_name (const string& v) { if (v.empty () || digit (v[0])) throw invalid_argument ("invalid GraphQL name: '" + v + '\''); for (char c: v) { if (!alnum (c) && c != '_') { throw invalid_argument ("invalid character in GraphQL name: '" + c + '\''); } } return v; } // Serialize a string to GraphQL. // // Return the serialized string or throw invalid_argument if the string is // invalid. // static string gq_str (const string& v) { // GraphQL strings are the same as JSON strings so we use the JSON // serializer. // string b; json::buffer_serializer s (b); try { s.value (v); } catch (const json::invalid_json_output&) { throw invalid_argument ("invalid GraphQL string: '" + v + '\''); } return b; } // Serialize an int to GraphQL. // static string gq_int (uint64_t v) { string b; json::buffer_serializer s (b); s.value (v); return b; } // Serialize a boolean to GraphQL. // static inline string gq_bool (bool v) { return v ? "true" : "false"; } // Check that a string is a valid GraphQL enum value. // // GraphQL enum values can be any GraphQL name except for `true`, `false`, // or `null`. // // Return the enum value or throw invalid_argument if it is invalid. // static const string& gq_enum (const string& v) { if (v == "true" || v == "false" || v == "null") throw invalid_argument ("invalid GraphQL enum value: '" + v + '\''); return gq_name (v); } // Serialize `createCheckRun` GraphQL mutations for one or more builds. // static string queue_check_runs (const string& ri, // Repository ID const string& hs, // Head SHA const vector& bs) { ostringstream os; os << "mutation {" << '\n'; // Serialize a `createCheckRun` for each build. // for (size_t i (0); i != bs.size (); ++i) { const build& b (bs[i]); string al ("cr" + to_string (i)); // Field alias. // @@ TODO: revise. // string nm (b.package_name.string () + '/' + b.target_config_name); // Name os << gq_name (al) << ":createCheckRun(input: {" << '\n' << " name: " << gq_str (nm) << ',' << '\n' << " repositoryId: " << gq_str (ri) << ',' << '\n' << " headSha: " << gq_str (hs) << ',' << '\n' << " status: " << gq_enum ("QUEUED") << '\n' << "})" << '\n' // Specify the selection set (fields to be returned). // << "{" << '\n' << " CheckRun {" << '\n' << " id," << '\n' << " name," << '\n' << " status" << '\n' << " }" << '\n' << "}" << '\n'; } os << "}" << '\n'; return os.str (); } // Serialize an "update check run" for a build to JSON for the REST API. // // @@ TMP We're going to have to do the check run updates using the REST API // because the GraphQL API check run updates take only an ID (which // we would have to store) whereas the REST version takes a name. // // static string // rest_check_run (uint64_t ri, // Repository ID // const string& hs, // Head SHA // const build& b) // { // } bool ci_github:: handle_check_suite_request (check_suite_event cs) { HANDLER_DIAG; cout << "" << endl << cs << endl; installation_access_token iat ( obtain_installation_access_token (cs.installation.id, generate_jwt ())); cout << endl << "" << endl << iat << endl; repository_location rl (cs.repository.clone_url + '#' + cs.check_suite.head_branch, repository_type::git); #if 0 optional r (start (error, warn, verb_ ? &trace : nullptr, tenant_service ("", "ci-github"), move (rl), vector {}, nullopt, client_ip, nullopt user_agent, )); if (!r) fail << "unable to start CI"; #endif vector builds; builds.emplace_back ("tenant", build::package_name_type (cs.repository.name), brep::version ("1.2.3"), target_triplet ("x86_64-linux-gnu"), "linux_debian_12", "default", "gcc", brep::version ("4.5.6")); builds.emplace_back ("tenant", build::package_name_type (cs.repository.name), brep::version ("1.2.3"), target_triplet ("x86_64-linux-gnu"), "linux_fedora_37", "default", "clang", brep::version ("4.5.6")); cout << gq_check_runs (cs.repository.node_id, cs.check_suite.head_sha, builds) << endl; return true; } function (const brep::tenant_service&)> brep::ci_github:: build_queued (const tenant_service&, const vector& bs, optional initial_state) const { // return [&bs, initial_state] (const tenant_service& ts) // { // optional r (ts.data); // for (const build& b: bs) // { // string s ((!initial_state // ? "queued " // : "queued " + to_string (*initial_state) + ' ') + // b.package_name.string () + '/' + // b.package_version.string () + '/' + // b.target.string () + '/' + // b.target_config_name + '/' + // b.package_config_name + '/' + // b.toolchain_name + '/' + // b.toolchain_version.string ()); // if (r) // { // *r += ", "; // *r += s; // } // else // r = move (s); // } // return r; // }; return nullptr; } function (const brep::tenant_service&)> brep::ci_github:: build_building (const tenant_service&, const build& b) const { // return [&b] (const tenant_service& ts) // { // string s ("building " + // b.package_name.string () + '/' + // b.package_version.string () + '/' + // b.target.string () + '/' + // b.target_config_name + '/' + // b.package_config_name + '/' + // b.toolchain_name + '/' + // b.toolchain_version.string ()); // return ts.data ? *ts.data + ", " + s : s; // }; return nullptr; } function (const brep::tenant_service&)> brep::ci_github:: build_built (const tenant_service&, const build& b) const { // return [&b] (const tenant_service& ts) // { // string s ("built " + // b.package_name.string () + '/' + // b.package_version.string () + '/' + // b.target.string () + '/' + // b.target_config_name + '/' + // b.package_config_name + '/' + // b.toolchain_name + '/' + // b.toolchain_version.string ()); // return ts.data ? *ts.data + ", " + s : s; // }; return nullptr; } // Send a POST request to the GitHub API endpoint `ep`, parse GitHub's JSON // response into `rs` (only for 200 codes), and return the HTTP status code. // // The endpoint `ep` should not have a leading slash. // // Pass additional HTTP headers in `hdrs`. For example: // // "HeaderName: header value" // // Throw invalid_argument if unable to parse the response headers, // invalid_json_input (derived from invalid_argument) if unable to parse the // response body, and system_error in other cases. // template static uint16_t github_post (T& rs, const string& ep, const strings& hdrs) { // Convert the header values to curl header option/value pairs. // strings hdr_opts; for (const string& h: hdrs) { hdr_opts.push_back ("--header"); hdr_opts.push_back (h); } // Run curl. // try { // Pass --include to print the HTTP status line (followed by the response // headers) so that we can get the response status code. // // Suppress the --fail option which causes curl to exit with status 22 // in case of an error HTTP response status code (>= 400) otherwise we // can't get the status code. // // Note that butl::curl also adds --location to make curl follow redirects // (which is recommended by GitHub). // // The API version `2022-11-28` is the only one currently supported. If // the X-GitHub-Api-Version header is not passed this version will be // chosen by default. // fdpipe errp (fdopen_pipe ()); // stderr pipe. curl c (nullfd, path ("-"), // Write response to curl::in. process::pipe (errp.in.get (), move (errp.out)), curl::post, curl::flags::no_fail, "https://api.github.com/" + ep, "--no-fail", // Don't fail if response status code >= 400. "--include", // Output response headers for status code. "--header", "Accept: application/vnd.github+json", "--header", "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28", move (hdr_opts)); ifdstream err (move (errp.in)); // Parse the HTTP response. // int sc; // Status code. try { // Note: re-open in/out so that they get automatically closed on // exception. // ifdstream in (c.in.release (), fdstream_mode::skip); sc = curl::read_http_status (in).code; // May throw invalid_argument. // Parse the response body if the status code is in the 200 range. // if (sc >= 200 && sc < 300) { // Use endpoint name as input name (useful to have it propagated // in exceptions). // json::parser p (in, ep /* name */); rs = T (p); } in.close (); } catch (const io_error& e) { // If the process exits with non-zero status, assume the IO error is due // to that and fall through. // if (c.wait ()) { throw_generic_error ( e.code ().value (), (string ("unable to read curl stdout: ") + e.what ()).c_str ()); } } catch (const json::invalid_json_input&) { // If the process exits with non-zero status, assume the JSON error is // due to that and fall through. // if (c.wait ()) throw; } if (!c.wait ()) { string et (err.read_text ()); throw_generic_error (EINVAL, ("non-zero curl exit status: " + et).c_str ()); } err.close (); return sc; } catch (const process_error& e) { throw_generic_error ( e.code ().value (), (string ("unable to execute curl:") + e.what ()).c_str ()); } catch (const io_error& e) { // Unable to read diagnostics from stderr. // throw_generic_error ( e.code ().value (), (string ("unable to read curl stderr : ") + e.what ()).c_str ()); } } string ci_github:: generate_jwt () const { string jwt; try { // Set token's "issued at" time 60 seconds in the past to combat clock // drift (as recommended by GitHub). // jwt = brep::generate_jwt ( *options_, options_->ci_github_app_private_key (), to_string (options_->ci_github_app_id ()), chrono::seconds (options_->ci_github_jwt_validity_period ()), chrono::seconds (60)); cout << "JWT: " << jwt << endl; } catch (const system_error& e) { HANDLER_DIAG; fail << "unable to generate JWT (errno=" << e.code () << "): " << e; } return jwt; } // There are three types of GitHub API authentication: // // 1) Authenticating as an app. Used to access parts of the API concerning // the app itself such as getting the list of installations. (Need to // authenticate as an app as part of authenticating as an app // installation.) // // 2) Authenticating as an app installation (on a user or organisation // account). Used to access resources belonging to the user/repository // or organisation the app is installed in. // // 3) Authenticating as a user. Used to perform actions as the user. // // We need to authenticate as an app installation (2). // // How to authenticate as an app installation // // Reference: // https://docs.github.com/en/apps/creating-github-apps/authenticating-with-a-github-app/authenticating-as-a-github-app-installation // // The final authentication token we need is an installation access token // (IAT), valid for one hour, which we will pass in the `Authentication` // header of our Github API requests: // // Authorization: Bearer // // To generate an IAT: // // - Generate a JSON Web Token (JWT) // // - Get the installation ID. This will be included in the webhook request // in our case // // - Send a POST to /app/installations//access_tokens which // includes the JWT (`Authorization: Bearer `). The response will // include the IAT. Can pass the name of the repository included in the // webhook request to restrict access, otherwise we get access to all // repos covered by the installation if installed on an organisation for // example. // installation_access_token ci_github:: obtain_installation_access_token (uint64_t iid, string jwt) const { HANDLER_DIAG; installation_access_token iat; try { // API endpoint. // string ep ("app/installations/" + to_string (iid) + "/access_tokens"); int sc (github_post (iat, ep, strings {"Authorization: Bearer " + jwt})); // Possible response status codes from the access_tokens endpoint: // // 201 Created // 401 Requires authentication // 403 Forbidden // 404 Resource not found // 422 Validation failed, or the endpoint has been spammed. // // Note that the payloads of non-201 status codes are undocumented. // if (sc != 201) { fail << "unable to get installation access token: " << "error HTTP response status " << sc; } } catch (const json::invalid_json_input& e) { // Note: e.name is the GitHub API endpoint. // fail << "malformed JSON in response from " << e.name << ", line: " << e.line << ", column: " << e.column << ", byte offset: " << e.position << ", error: " << e; } catch (const invalid_argument& e) { fail << "malformed header(s) in response: " << e; } catch (const system_error& e) { fail << "unable to get installation access token (errno=" << e.code () << "): " << e.what (); } return iat; } // The rest is GitHub request/response type parsing and printing. // using event = json::event; // Throw invalid_json_input when a required member `m` is missing from a // JSON object `o`. // [[noreturn]] static void missing_member (const json::parser& p, const char* o, const char* m) { throw json::invalid_json_input ( p.input_name, p.line (), p.column (), p.position (), o + string (" object is missing member '") + m + '\''); } // check_suite // gh::check_suite:: check_suite (json::parser& p) { p.next_expect (event::begin_object); bool i (false), hb (false), hs (false), bf (false), at (false); // Skip unknown/uninteresting members. // while (p.next_expect (event::name, event::end_object)) { auto c = [&p] (bool& v, const char* s) { return p.name () == s ? (v = true) : false; }; if (c (i, "id")) id = p.next_expect_number (); else if (c (hb, "head_branch")) head_branch = p.next_expect_string (); else if (c (hs, "head_sha")) head_sha = p.next_expect_string (); else if (c (bf, "before")) before = p.next_expect_string (); else if (c (at, "after")) after = p.next_expect_string (); else p.next_expect_value_skip (); } if (!i) missing_member (p, "check_suite", "id"); if (!hb) missing_member (p, "check_suite", "head_branch"); if (!hs) missing_member (p, "check_suite", "head_sha"); if (!bf) missing_member (p, "check_suite", "before"); if (!at) missing_member (p, "check_suite", "after"); } ostream& gh::operator<< (ostream& os, const check_suite& cs) { os << "id: " << cs.id << endl << "head_branch: " << cs.head_branch << endl << "head_sha: " << cs.head_sha << endl << "before: " << cs.before << endl << "after: " << cs.after << endl; return os; } // repository // gh::repository:: repository (json::parser& p) { p.next_expect (event::begin_object); bool ni (false), nm (false), fn (false), db (false), cu (false); // Skip unknown/uninteresting members. // while (p.next_expect (event::name, event::end_object)) { auto c = [&p] (bool& v, const char* s) { return p.name () == s ? (v = true) : false; }; if (c (ni, "node_id")) node_id = p.next_expect_string (); else if (c (nm, "name")) name = p.next_expect_string (); else if (c (fn, "full_name")) full_name = p.next_expect_string (); else if (c (db, "default_branch")) default_branch = p.next_expect_string (); else if (c (cu, "clone_url")) clone_url = p.next_expect_string (); else p.next_expect_value_skip (); } if (!ni) missing_member (p, "repository", "node_id"); if (!nm) missing_member (p, "repository", "name"); if (!fn) missing_member (p, "repository", "full_name"); if (!db) missing_member (p, "repository", "default_branch"); if (!cu) missing_member (p, "repository", "clone_url"); } ostream& gh::operator<< (ostream& os, const repository& rep) { os << "node_id: " << rep.node_id << endl << "name: " << rep.name << endl << "full_name: " << rep.full_name << endl << "default_branch: " << rep.default_branch << endl << "clone_url: " << rep.clone_url << endl; return os; } // installation // gh::installation:: installation (json::parser& p) { p.next_expect (event::begin_object); bool i (false); // Skip unknown/uninteresting members. // while (p.next_expect (event::name, event::end_object)) { auto c = [&p] (bool& v, const char* s) { return p.name () == s ? (v = true) : false; }; if (c (i, "id")) id = p.next_expect_number (); else p.next_expect_value_skip (); } if (!i) missing_member (p, "installation", "id"); } ostream& gh::operator<< (ostream& os, const installation& i) { os << "id: " << i.id << endl; return os; } // check_suite_event // gh::check_suite_event:: check_suite_event (json::parser& p) { p.next_expect (event::begin_object); bool ac (false), cs (false), rp (false), in (false); // Skip unknown/uninteresting members. // while (p.next_expect (event::name, event::end_object)) { auto c = [&p] (bool& v, const char* s) { return p.name () == s ? (v = true) : false; }; if (c (ac, "action")) action = p.next_expect_string (); else if (c (cs, "check_suite")) check_suite = gh::check_suite (p); else if (c (rp, "repository")) repository = gh::repository (p); else if (c (in, "installation")) installation = gh::installation (p); else p.next_expect_value_skip (); } if (!ac) missing_member (p, "check_suite_event", "action"); if (!cs) missing_member (p, "check_suite_event", "check_suite"); if (!rp) missing_member (p, "check_suite_event", "repository"); if (!in) missing_member (p, "check_suite_event", "installation"); } ostream& gh::operator<< (ostream& os, const check_suite_event& cs) { os << "action: " << cs.action << endl; os << "" << endl << cs.check_suite; os << "" << endl << cs.repository; os << "" << endl << cs.installation; return os; } // installation_access_token // // Example JSON: // // { // "token": "ghs_Py7TPcsmsITeVCAWeVtD8RQs8eSos71O5Nzp", // "expires_at": "2024-02-15T16:16:38Z", // ... // } // gh::installation_access_token:: installation_access_token (json::parser& p) { p.next_expect (event::begin_object); bool tk (false), ea (false); // Skip unknown/uninteresting members. // while (p.next_expect (event::name, event::end_object)) { auto c = [&p] (bool& v, const char* s) { return p.name () == s ? (v = true) : false; }; if (c (tk, "token")) token = p.next_expect_string (); else if (c (ea, "expires_at")) { const string& s (p.next_expect_string ()); expires_at = from_string (s.c_str (), "%Y-%m-%dT%TZ", false /* local */); } else p.next_expect_value_skip (); } if (!tk) missing_member (p, "installation_access_token", "token"); if (!ea) missing_member (p, "installation_access_token", "expires_at"); } ostream& gh::operator<< (ostream& os, const installation_access_token& t) { os << "token: " << t.token << endl; os << "expires_at: "; butl::operator<< (os, t.expires_at) << endl; return os; } }