path: root/bbot/worker/worker.cxx

// file      : bbot/worker.cxx -*- C++ -*-
// license   : MIT; see accompanying LICENSE file

#ifndef _WIN32
#  include <signal.h> // signal()
#else
#  include <libbutl/win32-utility.hxx>
#endif

#include <map>
#include <regex>
#include <cstring>   // strchr(), strncmp()
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm> // find(), find_if(), remove_if()

#include <libbutl/b.hxx>
#include <libbutl/pager.hxx>
#include <libbutl/prompt.hxx>
#include <libbutl/utility.hxx>       // to_utf8()
#include <libbutl/timestamp.hxx>
#include <libbutl/filesystem.hxx>
#include <libbutl/string-parser.hxx>

#include <libbbot/manifest.hxx>

#include <bbot/types.hxx>
#include <bbot/utility.hxx>

#include <bbot/diagnostics.hxx>
#include <bbot/bootstrap-manifest.hxx>

#include <bbot/worker/worker-options.hxx>

using namespace butl;
using namespace bbot;

using std::cout;
using std::endl;

namespace bbot
{
  int
  main (int argc, char* argv[]);

  static int
  build (size_t argc, const char* argv[]);

  process_path argv0;
  worker_options ops;

  dir_path env_dir;

  // Note that upload can be quite large and take a while to upload under high
  // load.
  //
  const size_t tftp_blksize     (1468); // Between 512 (default) and 65464.
  const size_t tftp_put_timeout (3600); // 1 hour (also the default).
  const size_t tftp_get_timeout (10);   // 10 seconds.
  const size_t tftp_get_retries (3);    // Task request retries (see startup()).
}

bool
exists (const dir_path& d)
try
{
  return dir_exists (d);
}
catch (const system_error& e)
{
  fail << "unable to stat path " << d << ": " << e << endf;
}

static dir_path
current_directory ()
try
{
  return dir_path::current_directory ();
}
catch (const system_error& e)
{
  fail << "unable to obtain current directory: " << e << endf;
}

static dir_path
change_wd (tracer& t, string* log, const dir_path& d, bool create = false)
try
{
  if (create)
  {
    if (verb >= 3)
      t << "mkdir -p " << d;

    if (log != nullptr)
      *log += "mkdir -p " + d.representation () + '\n';

    try_mkdir_p (d);
  }

  dir_path r (current_directory ());

  if (verb >= 3)
    t << "cd " << d;

  if (log != nullptr)
    *log += "cd " + d.representation () + '\n';

  dir_path::current_directory (d);
  return r;
}
catch (const system_error& e)
{
  fail << "unable to change current directory to " << d << ": " << e << endf;
}

static void
mv (tracer& t, string* log, const dir_path& from, const dir_path& to)
try
{
  if (verb >= 3)
    t << "mv " << from << ' ' << to;

  if (log != nullptr)
    *log += "mv " + from.representation () + ' ' + to.representation () +
            "\n";

  mvdir (from, to);
}
catch (const system_error& e)
{
  fail << "unable to move directory '" << from << "' to '" << to << "': " << e
       << endf;
}

static void
rm_r (tracer& t, string* log, const dir_path& d)
try
{
  if (verb >= 3)
    t << "rm -r " << d;

  if (log != nullptr)
    *log += "rm -r " + d.representation () + '\n';

  rmdir_r (d);
}
catch (const system_error& e)
{
  fail << "unable to remove directory " << d << ": " << e << endf;
}

// Step IDs.
//
enum class step_id
{
  // Common fallbacks for bpkg_*_create/b_test_installed_create and
  // bpkg_*_configure_build/b_test_installed_configure, respectively. Note:
  // not breakpoints.
  //
  b_create,
  b_configure,

  // Note that bpkg_module_* options are only used if the main package is a
  // build system module (using just ~build2 otherwise). They also have no
  // fallback (build system modules are just too different to try to handle
  // them together with target and host; e.g., install root). However,
  // bpkg_module_create is complemented with arguments from un-prefixed step
  // ids, the same way as other *.create[_for_*] steps (note that un-prefixed
  // steps are not fallbacks, they are always added first).
  //
  bpkg_create,         // Breakpoint and base.
  bpkg_target_create,  //: b_create, bpkg_create
  bpkg_host_create,    //: b_create, bpkg_create
  bpkg_module_create,  //: no fallback

  bpkg_link,

  bpkg_configure_add,
  bpkg_configure_fetch,

  // Global (as opposed to package-specific) bpkg-pkg-build options (applies
  // to all *_configure_build* steps). Note: not a breakpoint.
  //
  bpkg_global_configure_build,

  // Note that bpkg_configure_build serves as a breakpoint for the
  // bpkg-pkg-build call that configures (at once) the main package and all
  // its external tests.
  //
  bpkg_configure_build,         // Breakpoint and base.
  bpkg_target_configure_build,  //: b_configure, bpkg_configure_build
  bpkg_host_configure_build,    //: b_configure, bpkg_configure_build
  bpkg_module_configure_build,  //: b_configure, bpkg_configure_build

  bpkg_update,
  bpkg_test,

  // Note that separate test packages are configures as part of the
  // bpkg_configure_build step above with options taken from
  // bpkg_{target,host}_configure_build, depending on tests package type.
  //
  bpkg_test_separate_update, //: bpkg_update
  bpkg_test_separate_test,   //: bpkg_test

  // Note that we only perform the installation tests if this is a target
  // package or a self-hosted configuration.
  //
  bpkg_install,

  // Note: skipped for modules.
  //
  b_test_installed_create,    //: b_create
  b_test_installed_configure, //: b_configure
  b_test_installed_test,

  // Note that for a host package this can involve both run-time and build-
  // time tests (which means we may also need a shared configuration for
  // modules).
  //
  // The *_for_{target,host,module} denote main package type, not
  // configuration being created, which will always be target (more precisely,
  // target or host, but host only in a self-hosted case, which means it's
  // the same as target).
  //
  // Note that if this is a non-self-hosted configuration, we can only end up
  // here if building target package and so can just use *_create and *_build
  // values in buildtabs.
  //
  bpkg_test_separate_installed_create,            // Breakpoint and base.
  bpkg_test_separate_installed_create_for_target, //: bpkg_test_separate_installed_create
  bpkg_test_separate_installed_create_for_host,   //: bpkg_test_separate_installed_create
  bpkg_test_separate_installed_create_for_module, //: no fallback

  bpkg_test_separate_installed_link,            //  breakpoint only
  bpkg_test_separate_installed_configure_add,   //: bpkg_configure_add
  bpkg_test_separate_installed_configure_fetch, //: bpkg_configure_fetch

  bpkg_test_separate_installed_configure_build,            // Breakpoint and base.
  bpkg_test_separate_installed_configure_build_for_target, //: bpkg_test_separate_installed_configure_build
  bpkg_test_separate_installed_configure_build_for_host,   //: bpkg_test_separate_installed_configure_build
  bpkg_test_separate_installed_configure_build_for_module, //: bpkg_test_separate_installed_configure_build

  bpkg_test_separate_installed_update,          //: bpkg_update
  bpkg_test_separate_installed_test,            //: bpkg_test

  bpkg_uninstall,

  end
};

static const strings step_id_str {
  "b.create",
  "b.configure",

  "bpkg.create",
  "bpkg.target.create",
  "bpkg.host.create",
  "bpkg.module.create",

  "bpkg.link",

  "bpkg.configure.add",
  "bpkg.configure.fetch",

  "bpkg.global.configure.build",

  "bpkg.configure.build",
  "bpkg.target.configure.build",
  "bpkg.host.configure.build",
  "bpkg.module.configure.build",

  "bpkg.update",
  "bpkg.test",

  "bpkg.test-separate.update",
  "bpkg.test-separate.test",

  "bpkg.install",

  "b.test-installed.create",
  "b.test-installed.configure",
  "b.test-installed.test",

  "bpkg.test-separate-installed.create",
  "bpkg.test-separate-installed.create_for_target",
  "bpkg.test-separate-installed.create_for_host",
  "bpkg.test-separate-installed.create_for_module",

  "bpkg.test-separate-installed.link",
  "bpkg.test-separate-installed.configure.add",
  "bpkg.test-separate-installed.configure.fetch",

  "bpkg.test-separate-installed.configure.build",
  "bpkg.test-separate-installed.configure.build_for_target",
  "bpkg.test-separate-installed.configure.build_for_host",
  "bpkg.test-separate-installed.configure.build_for_module",

  "bpkg.test-separate-installed.update",
  "bpkg.test-separate-installed.test",

  "bpkg.uninstall",

  "end"};

using std::regex;
namespace regex_constants = std::regex_constants;
using regexes = vector<regex>;

// Run the worker script command. Name is used for logging and diagnostics
// only. Match lines read from the command's stderr against the regular
// expressions and return the warning result status (instead of success) in
// case of a match. Save the executed command into last_cmd.
//
// If bkp_step is present and is equal to the command step, then prior to
// running this command ask the user if to continue or abort the task
// execution. If bkp_status is present, then ask for that if the command
// execution results with the specified or more critical status.
//
// For the special end step no command is executed. In this case only the user
// is potentially prompted and the step is traced/logged.
//
template <typename... A>
static result_status
run_cmd (step_id step,
         tracer& t,
         string& log, const regexes& warn_detect,
         const string& name,
         const optional<step_id>& bkp_step,
         const optional<result_status>& bkp_status,
         string& last_cmd,
         const process_env& pe,
         A&&... a)
{
  // UTF-8-sanitize and log the diagnostics. Also print the raw diagnostics
  // to stderr at verbosity level 3 or higher.
  //
  auto add = [&log, &t] (string&& s, bool trace = true)
  {
    if (verb >= 3)
    {
      if (trace)
        t << s;
      else
        text << s;
    }

    to_utf8 (s, '?', codepoint_types::graphic, U"\n\r\t");

    log += s;
    log += '\n';
  };

  string next_cmd;

  // Prompt the user if to continue the task execution and, if they refuse,
  // log this and throw abort.
  //
  struct abort {};

  auto prompt = [&last_cmd, &next_cmd, &add] (const string& what)
  {
    diag_record dr (text);

    dr << '\n'
       << what << '\n'
       << "  current dir:  " << current_directory () << '\n'
       << "  environment:  " << ops.env_script () << ' ' << ops.env_target ();

    if (!last_cmd.empty ())
      dr << '\n'
         << "  last command: " << last_cmd;

    if (!next_cmd.empty ())
      dr << '\n'
         << "  next command: " << next_cmd;

    dr.flush ();

    if (!yn_prompt (
          "continue execution (or you may shutdown the machine)? [y/n]"))
    {
      add ("execution aborted by interactive user");
      throw abort ();
    }
  };

  auto prompt_step = [step, &t, &log, &bkp_step, &prompt] ()
  {
    const string& sid (step_id_str[static_cast<size_t> (step)]);

    // Prompt the user if the breakpoint is reached.
    //
    if (bkp_step && *bkp_step == step)
      prompt (sid + " step reached");

    string ts (to_string (system_clock::now (),
                          "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z",
                          true /* special */,
                          true /* local */));

    // Log the step id and the command to be executed.
    //
    l3 ([&]{t << "step id: " << sid << ' ' << ts;});

#ifndef _WIN32
    log += "# step id: ";
#else
    log += "rem step id: ";
#endif
    log += sid;
    log += ' ';
    log += ts;
    log += '\n';
  };

  try
  {
    // Trace, log, and save the command line.
    //
    auto cmdc = [&t, &log, &next_cmd, &prompt_step]
                (const char* c[], size_t n)
    {
      std::ostringstream os;
      process::print (os, c, n);
      next_cmd = os.str ();

      prompt_step ();

      t (c, n);

      log += next_cmd;
      log += '\n';
    };

    result_status r (result_status::success);

    if (step != step_id::end)
    {
      try
      {
        fdpipe pipe (fdopen_pipe ()); // Text mode seems appropriate.

        process pr (
          process_start_callback (cmdc,
                                  fdopen_null (), // Never reads from stdin.
                                  2,              // 1>&2
                                  pipe,
                                  pe,
                                  forward<A> (a)...));

        pipe.out.close ();

        {
          // Skip on exception.
          //
          ifdstream is (move (pipe.in), fdstream_mode::skip);

          for (string l; is.peek () != ifdstream::traits_type::eof (); )
          {
            getline (is, l);

            // Match the log line with the warning-detecting regular
            // expressions until the first match.
            //
            if (r != result_status::warning)
            {
              for (const regex& re: warn_detect)
              {
                // Only examine the first 512 bytes. Long lines (e.g., linker
                // command lines) could trigger implementation-specific
                // limitations (like stack overflow). Plus, it is a
                // performance concern.
                //
                if (regex_search (l.begin (),
                                  (l.size () < 512
                                   ? l.end ()
                                   : l.begin () + 512),
                                  re))
                {
                  r = result_status::warning;
                  break;
                }
              }
            }

            add (move (l), false /* trace */);
          }
        }

        if (!pr.wait ())
        {
          const process_exit& e (*pr.exit);
          add (name + " " + to_string (e));
          r = e.normal () ? result_status::error : result_status::abnormal;
        }

        last_cmd = move (next_cmd);

        if (bkp_status && r >= *bkp_status)
        {
          next_cmd.clear (); // Note: used by prompt().
          prompt (!r ? "error occured" : "warning is issued");
        }
      }
      catch (const process_error& e)
      {
        fail << "unable to execute " << name << ": " << e;
      }
      catch (const io_error& e)
      {
        fail << "unable to read " << name << " diagnostics: " << e;
      }
    }
    else
    {
      next_cmd.clear (); // Note: used by prompt_step().
      prompt_step ();
    }

    return r;
  }
  catch (const abort&)
  {
    return result_status::abort;
  }
}

template <typename V, typename... A>
static result_status
run_bpkg (step_id step,
          const V& envvars,
          tracer& t,
          string& log, const regexes& warn_detect,
          const optional<step_id>& bkp_step,
          const optional<result_status>& bkp_status,
          string& last_cmd,
          const char* verbosity,
          const string& cmd, A&&... a)
{
  return run_cmd (step,
                  t,
                  log, warn_detect,
                  "bpkg " + cmd,
                  bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
                  process_env ("bpkg", envvars),
                  verbosity, cmd, forward<A> (a)...);
}

template <typename... A>
static result_status
run_bpkg (step_id step,
          tracer& t,
          string& log, const regexes& warn_detect,
          const optional<step_id>& bkp_step,
          const optional<result_status>& bkp_status,
          string& last_cmd,
          const char* verbosity,
          const string& cmd, A&&... a)
{
  const char* const* envvars (nullptr);

  return run_bpkg (step,
                   envvars,
                   t,
                   log, warn_detect,
                   bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
                   verbosity, cmd, forward<A> (a)...);
}

template <typename V, typename... A>
static result_status
run_b (step_id step,
       const V& envvars,
       tracer& t,
       string& log, const regexes& warn_detect,
       const optional<step_id>& bkp_step,
       const optional<result_status>& bkp_status,
       string& last_cmd,
       const char* verbosity,
       const strings& buildspecs, A&&... a)
{
  string name ("b");
  for (const string& s: buildspecs)
  {
    if (!name.empty ())
      name += ' ';

    name += s;
  }

  return run_cmd (step,
                  t,
                  log, warn_detect,
                  name,
                  bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
                  process_env ("b", envvars),
                  verbosity, buildspecs, forward<A> (a)...);
}

template <typename V, typename... A>
static result_status
run_b (step_id step,
       const V& envvars,
       tracer& t,
       string& log, const regexes& warn_detect,
       const optional<step_id>& bkp_step,
       const optional<result_status>& bkp_status,
       string& last_cmd,
       const char* verbosity,
       const string& buildspec, A&&... a)
{
  return run_cmd (step,
                  t,
                  log, warn_detect,
                  "b " + buildspec,
                  bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
                  process_env ("b", envvars),
                  verbosity, buildspec, forward<A> (a)...);
}

template <typename... A>
static result_status
run_b (step_id step,
       tracer& t,
       string& log, const regexes& warn_detect,
       const optional<step_id>& bkp_step,
       const optional<result_status>& bkp_status,
       string& last_cmd,
       const char* verbosity,
       const string& buildspec, A&&... a)
{
  const char* const* envvars (nullptr);
  return run_b (step,
                envvars,
                t,
                log, warn_detect,
                bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
                verbosity, buildspec, forward<A> (a)...);
}

// Upload compressed manifest to the specified TFTP URL with curl. Issue
// diagnostics and throw failed on invalid manifest or process management
// errors and throw io_error for input/output errors or non-zero curl exit.
//
template <typename T>
static void
upload_manifest (tracer& trace,
                 const string& url,
                 const T& m,
                 const string& what)
{
  try
  {
    // Piping the data directly into curl's stdin sometimes results in the
    // broken pipe error on the client and partial/truncated upload on the
    // server. This happens quite regularly on older Linux distributions
    // (e.g., Debian 8, Ubuntu 16.04) but also sometimes on Windows. On the
    // other hand, uploading from a file appears to work reliably (we still
    // get an odd error on Windows from time to time with larger uploads).
    //
#if 0
    // Note: need to add compression support if re-enable this.
    tftp_curl c (trace,
                 path ("-"),
                 nullfd,
                 curl::put,
                 url,
                 "--tftp-blksize", tftp_blksize,
                 "--max-time", tftp_put_timeout);

    manifest_serializer s (c.out, url);
    m.serialize (s);
    c.out.close ();
#else
    auto_rmfile tmp;
    try
    {
      tmp = auto_rmfile (path::temp_path (what + "-manifest.lz4"));
      ofdstream ofs (tmp.path, fdopen_mode::binary);
      olz4stream ozs (ofs, 9, 5 /* 256KB */, nullopt /* content_size */);
      manifest_serializer s (ozs, tmp.path.string ());
      m.serialize (s);
      ozs.close ();
      ofs.close ();
    }
    catch (const io_error& e) // In case not derived from system_error.
    {
      fail << "unable to save " << what << " manifest: " << e;
    }
    catch (const system_error& e)
    {
      fail << "unable to save " << what << " manifest: " << e;
    }

    tftp_curl c (trace,
                 tmp.path,
                 nullfd,
                 curl::put,
                 url,
                 "--tftp-blksize", tftp_blksize,
                 "--max-time", tftp_put_timeout);
#endif

    if (!c.wait ())
      throw_generic_ios_failure (EIO, "non-zero curl exit code");
  }
  catch (const manifest_serialization& e)
  {
    fail << "invalid " << what << " manifest: " << e.description;
  }
  catch (const process_error& e)
  {
    fail << "unable to execute curl: " << e;
  }
  catch (const system_error& e)
  {
    const auto& c (e.code ());

    if (c.category () == generic_category ())
      throw_generic_ios_failure (c.value (), e.what ());
    else
      throw_system_ios_failure (c.value (), e.what ());
  }
}

static int bbot::
build (size_t argc, const char* argv[])
{
  using namespace bpkg;

  using string_parser::unquote;

  tracer trace ("build");

  // Our overall plan is as follows:
  //
  // 1. Parse the task manifest (it should be in CWD).
  //
  // 2. Run bpkg to create the package/tests configurations, add the
  //    repository to them, and configure, build, test, optionally install,
  //    test installed and uninstall the package all while saving the logs in
  //    the result manifest.
  //
  // 3. Upload the result manifest.
  //
  // Note also that we are being "watched" by the startup version of us which
  // will upload an appropriate result in case we exit with an error. So here
  // for abnormal situations (like a failure to parse the manifest), we just
  // fail.
  //
  task_manifest tm (
    parse_manifest<task_manifest> (path ("task.manifest"), "task"));

  result_manifest rm {
    tm.name,
    tm.version,
    result_status::success,
    operation_results {}
  };

  auto add_result = [&rm] (string o) -> operation_result&
  {
    rm.results.push_back (
      operation_result {move (o), result_status::success, ""});

    return rm.results.back ();
  };

  dir_path rwd; // Root working directory.

  // Resolve the breakpoint specified by the interactive manifest value into
  // the step id or the result status breakpoint. If the breakpoint is
  // invalid, then log the error and abort the build. Note that we reuse the
  // configure operation log here not to complicate things.
  //
  optional<step_id> bkp_step;
  optional<result_status> bkp_status;
  string last_cmd; // Used in the user prompt.

  for (;;) // The "breakout" loop.
  {
    auto abort_operation = [&trace] (operation_result& r, const string& e)
    {
      l3 ([&]{trace << e;});

      r.log    += "error: " + e + '\n';
      r.status  = result_status::abort;
    };

    // Regular expressions that detect different forms of build2 toolchain
    // warnings. Accidently (or not), they also cover GCC and Clang warnings
    // (for the English locale).
    //
    // The expressions will be matched multiple times, so let's make the
    // matching faster, with the potential cost of making regular expressions
    // creation slower.
    //
    regex::flag_type f (regex_constants::optimize); // ECMAScript is implied.

    regexes wre {
      regex ("^warning: ", f),
      regex ("^.+: warning: ", f)};

    for (const string& re: tm.unquoted_warning_regex ())
      wre.emplace_back (re, f);

    if (tm.interactive)
    {
      const string& b (*tm.interactive);

      if (b == "error")
        bkp_status = result_status::error;
      else if (b == "warning")
        bkp_status = result_status::warning;
      else
      {
        for (size_t i (0); i < step_id_str.size (); ++i)
        {
          if (b == step_id_str[i])
          {
            bkp_step = static_cast<step_id> (i);
            break;
          }
        }
      }

      if (!bkp_step && !bkp_status)
      {
        abort_operation (add_result ("configure"),
                         "invalid interactive build breakpoint '" + b + "'");

        break;
      }
    }

    // Split the argument into prefix (empty if not present) and unquoted
    // value. Return nullopt if the prefix is invalid.
    //
    auto parse_arg = [] (const string& a) -> optional<pair<string, string>>
    {
      size_t p (a.find_first_of (":=\"'"));

      if (p == string::npos || a[p] != ':') // No prefix.
        return make_pair (string (), unquote (a));

      for (const string& id: step_id_str)
      {
        if (a.compare (0, p, id, 0, p) == 0 &&
            (id.size () == p || (id.size () > p && id[p] == '.')))
          return make_pair (a.substr (0, p), unquote (a.substr (p + 1)));
      }

      return nullopt; // Prefix is invalid.
    };

    // Parse configuration arguments. Report failures to the bbot controller.
    //
    std::multimap<string, string> config_args;

    for (const string& c: tm.config)
    {
      optional<pair<string, string>> v (parse_arg (c));

      if (!v)
      {
        rm.status |= result_status::abort;
        l3 ([&]{trace << "invalid configuration argument prefix in "
                      << "'" << c << "'";});
        break;
      }

      if (v->second[0] != '-' && v->second.find ('=') == string::npos)
      {
        rm.status |= result_status::abort;
        l3 ([&]{trace << "invalid configuration argument '" << c << "'";});
        break;
      }

      config_args.emplace (move (*v));
    }

    if (!rm.status)
      break;

    // Parse environment arguments.
    //
    std::multimap<string, string> modules;
    std::multimap<string, string> env_args;

    for (size_t i (1); i != argc; ++i)
    {
      const char* a (argv[i]);
      optional<pair<string, string>> v (parse_arg (a));

      if (!v)
        fail << "invalid environment argument prefix in '" << a << "'";

      bool mod (v->second[0] != '-' && v->second.find ('=') == string::npos);

      if (mod && !v->first.empty ()                                    &&
          v->first != "b.create"                                       &&
          v->first != "bpkg.create"                                    &&
          v->first != "bpkg.target.create"                             &&
          v->first != "bpkg.host.create"                               &&
          v->first != "bpkg.module.create"                             &&
          v->first != "b.test-installed.create"                        &&
          v->first != "bpkg.test-separate-installed.create"            &&
          v->first != "bpkg.test-separate-installed.create_for_target" &&
          v->first != "bpkg.test-separate-installed.create_for_host"   &&
          v->first != "bpkg.test-separate-installed.create_for_module")
        fail << "invalid module prefix in '" << a << "'";

      (mod ? modules : env_args).emplace (move (*v));
    }

    // Return command arguments for the specified step id, complementing
    // *.create[_for_*] steps with un-prefixed arguments. If no arguments are
    // specified for the step then use the specified fallbacks, potentially
    // both. Arguments with more specific prefixes come last.
    //
    auto step_args = [] (const std::multimap<string, string>& args,
                         step_id step,
                         optional<step_id> fallback1 = nullopt,
                         optional<step_id> fallback2 = nullopt) -> cstrings
    {
      cstrings r;

      // Add arguments for a specified, potentially empty, prefix.
      //
      auto add_args = [&args, &r] (const string& prefix)
      {
        auto range (args.equal_range (prefix));

        for (auto i (range.first); i != range.second; ++i)
          r.emplace_back (i->second.c_str ());
      };

      // Add un-prefixed arguments if this is one of the *.create[_for_*]
      // steps.
      //
      switch (step)
      {
      case step_id::b_create:
      case step_id::bpkg_create:
      case step_id::bpkg_target_create:
      case step_id::bpkg_host_create:
      case step_id::bpkg_module_create:
      case step_id::b_test_installed_create:
      case step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_create:
      case step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_create_for_target:
      case step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_create_for_host:
      case step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_create_for_module:
        {
          add_args ("");
          break;
        }
      default: break;
      }

      auto add_step_args = [&add_args] (step_id step)
      {
        const string& s (step_id_str[static_cast<size_t> (step)]);

        for (size_t n (0);; ++n)
        {
          n = s.find ('.', n);

          add_args (n == string::npos ? s : string (s, 0, n));

          if (n == string::npos)
            break;
        }
      };

      // If no arguments found for the step id, then use the fallback step
      // ids, if specified.
      //
      if (args.find (step_id_str[static_cast<size_t> (step)]) != args.end ())
      {
        add_step_args (step);
      }
      else
      {
        // Note that if we ever need to specify fallback pairs with common
        // ancestors, we may want to suppress duplicate ancestor step ids.
        //
        if (fallback1)
          add_step_args (*fallback1);

        if (fallback2)
          add_step_args (*fallback2);
      }

      return r;
    };

    // Search for config.install.root variable. If it is present and has a
    // non-empty value, then test the package installation and uninstall. Note
    // that passing [null] value would be meaningless, so we don't recognize
    // it as a special one.
    //
    dir_path install_root;
    {
      size_t n (19);
      auto space = [] (char c) {return c == ' ' || c == '\t';};

      for (const char* s:
             reverse_iterate (step_args (config_args, step_id::bpkg_create)))
      {
        if (strncmp (s, "config.install.root", n) == 0 &&
            (s[n] == '=' || space (s[n])))
        {
          while (space (s[n])) ++n; // Skip spaces.
          if (s[n] == '=')     ++n; // Skip the equal sign.
          while (space (s[n])) ++n; // Skip spaces.

          // Note that the config.install.root variable value may
          // potentially be quoted.
          //
          install_root = dir_path (unquote (s + n));
          break;
        }
      }
    }

    // bpkg-rep-fetch trust options.
    //
    cstrings trust_ops;
    {
      const char* t ("--trust-no");

      for (const string& fp: tm.trust)
      {
        if (fp == "yes")
          t = "--trust-yes";
        else
        {
          trust_ops.push_back ("--trust");
          trust_ops.push_back (fp.c_str ());
        }
      }

      trust_ops.push_back (t);
    }

    const string&  pkg     (tm.name.string ());
    const version& ver     (tm.version);
    const string   repo    (tm.repository.string ());
    const dir_path pkg_dir (pkg + '-' + ver.string ());

    // Specify the revision explicitly for the bpkg-build command not to end
    // up with a race condition building the latest revision rather than the
    // zero revision.
    //
    const string pkg_rev (pkg +
                          '/' +
                          version (ver.epoch,
                                   ver.upstream,
                                   ver.release,
                                   ver.effective_revision (),
                                   ver.iteration).string ());

    // Query the project's build system information with `b info`.
    //
    auto prj_info = [&trace] (const dir_path& d,
                              bool ext_mods,
                              const char* what)
    {
      // Note that the `b info` diagnostics won't be copied into any of the
      // build logs. This is fine as this is likely to be an infrastructure
      // problem, given that the project distribution has been successfully
      // created. It's actually not quite clear which log this diagnostics
      // could go into.
      //
      try
      {
        return b_info (d, ext_mods, verb, trace);
      }
      catch (const b_error& e)
      {
        if (e.normal ())
          throw failed (); // Assume the build2 process issued diagnostics.

        fail << "unable to query " << what << ' ' << d << " info: " << e
             << endf;
      }
    };

    rwd = current_directory ();

    // If the package comes from a version control-based repository, then we
    // will also test its dist meta-operation. Specifically, we will checkout
    // the package outside the configuration directory passing --checkout-root
    // to the configure-only pkg-build command, re-distribute the checked out
    // directory in the load distribution mode, and then use this distribution
    // as a source to build the package.
    //
    dir_path dist_root (rwd / dir_path ("dist"));
    dir_path dist_src  (dist_root / pkg_dir);

    // Redistribute the package source directory (pkg_dir) checked out into
    // the directory other than the configuration directory (dist_root) and
    // replace it with the newly created distribution. Assume that the current
    // directory is the package configuration directory. Optionally pass the
    // config.import.* variable override and/or set the environment variables
    // for the build2 process. Return true if the dist meta-operation
    // succeeds.
    //
    auto redist = [&trace, &wre, &bkp_step, &bkp_status, &last_cmd]
                  (step_id step,
                   operation_result& r,
                   const dir_path& dist_root,
                   const dir_path& pkg_dir, // <name>-<version>
                   const optional<string>& import = nullopt,
                   const small_vector<string, 1>& envvars = {})
    {
      // Temporarily change the current directory to the distribution root
      // parent directory from the configuration directory to shorten the
      // command line paths and try to avoid the '..' path prefix.
      //
      dir_path dp (dist_root.directory ());
      dir_path dn (dist_root.leaf ());

      // Redistribute the package using the configured output directory.
      //
      dir_path cnf_dir (change_wd (trace, &r.log, dp));
      dir_path out_dir (cnf_dir.relative (dp) / pkg_dir);
      dir_path src_dir (dn / pkg_dir);

      // Create the re-distribution root directory next to the distribution
      // root.
      //
      dir_path redist_root ("re" + dn.string ());

      r.status |= run_b (
        step,
        envvars,
        trace, r.log, wre,
        bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
        "-v",
        "config.dist.root=" + redist_root.string (),
        import,
        ("dist('" + src_dir.representation () + "'@'" +
         out_dir.representation () + "')"));

      if (!r.status)
        return false;

      // Replace the package source directory with the re-distribution result.
      //
      rm_r (trace, &r.log, src_dir);
      mv   (trace, &r.log, redist_root / pkg_dir, src_dir);

      change_wd (trace, &r.log, cnf_dir); // Return back to the configuration.
      return true;
    };

    // Note that if this is not a self-hosted configuration, then we do not
    // build external runtime tests nor run internal for host or module
    // packages because the assumption is that they have been built/run (and
    // with buildtab settings such as warnings, etc) when testing the
    // self-hosted configuration this non-self-hosted one is based on. Also,
    // by the same reason, we don't install tools or modules for
    // non-self-hosted configurations.
    //
    // Also note that build system modules can only have external build-time
    // tests (which is verified by bpkg-rep-fetch) and target packages cannot
    // have external build-time tests (which we verify ourselves).
    //
    bool selfhost (tm.host && *tm.host);

    // Detect if the package is of the target, host, or module type.
    //
    auto requirement = [&tm] (const char* id)
    {
      return find_if (tm.requirements.begin (),
                      tm.requirements.end (),
                      [id] (const requirement_alternatives& r)
                      {
                        return r.size () == 1 && r[0] == id;
                      }) != tm.requirements.end ();
    };

    bool module_pkg (pkg.compare (0, 10, "libbuild2-") == 0);
    bool bootstrap  (module_pkg && requirement ("bootstrap"));
    bool host_pkg   (!module_pkg && requirement ("host"));
    bool target_pkg (!module_pkg && !host_pkg);

    // Split external test packages into the runtime and build-time lists.
    //
    // Note that runtime and build-time test packages are always configured in
    // different bpkg configurations, since they can depend on different
    // versions of the same package.
    //
    small_vector<test_dependency, 1> runtime_tests;
    small_vector<test_dependency, 1> buildtime_tests;

    for (test_dependency& t: tm.tests)
    {
      if (t.buildtime)
        buildtime_tests.push_back (move (t));
      //
      // @@ TMP Check for !module_pkg until 0.14.0 is out.
      //
      else if (target_pkg || (selfhost && !module_pkg))
        runtime_tests.push_back (move (t));
    }

    bool has_buildtime_tests (!buildtime_tests.empty ());
    bool has_runtime_tests   (!runtime_tests.empty ());

    // Abort if a target package has external build-time tests.
    //
    if (target_pkg && has_buildtime_tests)
    {
      abort_operation (
        add_result ("configure"),
        "build-time tests in package not marked with `requires: host`");

      break;
    }

    // Create the required build configurations.
    //
    // Note that if this is a target package, then we intentionally do not
    // create host or module configuration letting the automatic private
    // configuration creation to take its course (since that would probably be
    // the most typical usage scenario).
    //
    dir_path target_conf ("build");
    dir_path host_conf   ("build-host");
    dir_path module_conf ("build-module");

    // Main package config.
    //
    const dir_path& main_pkg_conf (target_pkg ? target_conf :
                                   host_pkg   ? host_conf   :
                                                module_conf);

    // Create the target configuration if this is a target package or if the
    // host/module package has external build-time tests.
    //
    bool create_target (target_pkg || has_buildtime_tests);

    // Create the host configuration if this is a host package.
    //
    // Also create it for the module package with external build-time tests.
    // The idea is to be able to test a tool which might only be tested via
    // the module. To be precise, we need to check that the tests package has
    // a build-time dependency (on the tool) but that's not easy to do and so
    // we will create a host configuration if a module has any build-time
    // tests.
    //
    bool create_host (host_pkg || (module_pkg && has_buildtime_tests));

    // Create the module configuration if the package is a build system
    // module.
    //
    // Also create it for the host package with the external build-time tests,
    // so that a single build2 configuration is used for both target and host
    // packages (this is important in case they happen to use the same
    // module).
    //
    bool create_module (module_pkg || (host_pkg && has_buildtime_tests));

    // Root configuration through which we will be configuring the cluster
    // (note: does not necessarily match the main package type).
    //
    // In other words, this is configuration that will be specified for
    // bpkg-pkg-build as the current configuration (via -d). It must be the
    // configuration that links to all the other configurations.
    //
    const dir_path& root_conf (create_target ? target_conf :
                               create_host   ? host_conf   :
                                               module_conf);

    // Note that bpkg doesn't support configuring bootstrap module
    // dependents well, not distinguishing such modules from regular ones
    // (see pkg_configure() for details). Thus, we need to pass the
    // !config.import.* global override wherever required ourselves.
    //
    optional<string> bootstrap_import;

    if (bootstrap)
      bootstrap_import = "!config.import." + tm.name.variable () + "=" +
        (rwd / main_pkg_conf).string ();

    // Configure.
    //
    {
      operation_result& r (add_result ("configure"));

      // Noop, just for the log record.
      //
      change_wd (trace, &r.log, rwd);

      // Create the target configuration.
      //
      // bpkg create <env-modules> <env-config-args> <config-args>
      //
      if (create_target)
      {
        step_id b  (step_id::bpkg_create);        // Breakpoint.
        step_id s  (step_id::bpkg_target_create); // Step.
        step_id f1 (step_id::b_create);           // First fallback.
        step_id f2 (step_id::bpkg_create);        // Second fallback.

        r.status |= run_bpkg (
          b,
          trace, r.log, wre,
          bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
          "-V",
          "create",
          "-d", target_conf,
          step_args (modules,     s, f1, f2),
          step_args (env_args,    s, f1, f2),
          step_args (config_args, s, f1, f2));

        if (!r.status)
          break;
      }

      // Create the host configuration.
      //
      if (create_host)
      {
        step_id b  (step_id::bpkg_create);
        step_id s  (step_id::bpkg_host_create);
        step_id f1 (step_id::b_create);
        step_id f2 (step_id::bpkg_create);

        if (host_pkg && selfhost)
        {
          // bpkg create --type host <env-modules> <env-config-args> <config-args>
          //
          r.status |= run_bpkg (
            b,
            trace, r.log, wre,
            bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
            "-V",
            "create",
            "-d", host_conf,
            "--type", "host",
            "--name", "host",
            step_args (modules,     s, f1, f2),
            step_args (env_args,    s, f1, f2),
            step_args (config_args, s, f1, f2));

          if (!r.status)
            break;
        }
        else
        {
          // b create(<dir>) config.config.load=~host
          //
          // Note also that we suppress warnings about unused config.* values.
          //
          r.status |= run_b (
            b,
            trace, r.log, wre,
            bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
            "-V",
            "create(" + host_conf.representation () + ",cc)",
            "config.config.load=~host",
            "config.config.persist+='config.*'@unused=drop");

          if (!r.status)
            break;

          // bpkg create --existing --type host
          //
          r.status |= run_bpkg (
            b,
            trace, r.log, wre,
            bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
            "-v",
            "create",
            "--existing",
            "-d", host_conf,
            "--type", "host",
            "--name", "host");

          if (!r.status)
            break;
        }
      }

      // Create the module configuration.
      //
      if (create_module)
      {
        step_id b (step_id::bpkg_create);

        // b create(<dir>) config.config.load=~build2 [<env-config-args> <config-args>]
        //
        // Note also that we suppress warnings about unused config.* values.
        //
        // What if a module wants to use CLI? The current thinking is that we
        // will be "whitelisting" base (i.e., those that can plausibly be used
        // by multiple modules) libraries and tools for use by build system
        // modules. So if and when we whitelist CLI, we will add it here, next
        // to cc.
        //
        cstrings eas;
        cstrings cas;
        string mods;

        if (module_pkg && selfhost)
        {
          step_id s (step_id::bpkg_module_create);

          for (const char* m: step_args (modules, s))
          {
            if (!mods.empty ())
              mods += ' ';

            mods += m;
          }

          eas = step_args (env_args,    s);
          cas = step_args (config_args, s);
        }
        else
          mods = "cc";

        r.status |= run_b (
          b,
          trace, r.log, wre,
          bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
          "-V",
          "create(" + module_conf.representation () + "," + mods + ")",
          "config.config.load=~build2",
          "config.config.persist+='config.*'@unused=drop",
          eas,
          cas);

        if (!r.status)
          break;

        // bpkg create --existing --type build2
        //
        r.status |= run_bpkg (
          b,
          trace, r.log, wre,
          bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
          "-v",
          "create",
          "--existing",
          "-d", module_conf,
          "--type", "build2",
          "--name", "module");

        if (!r.status)
          break;
      }

      // Link the configurations.
      //
      // bpkg link -d <dir> <dir>
      //
      {
        step_id b (step_id::bpkg_link);

        if (create_target)
        {
          if (create_host)
          {
            r.status |= run_bpkg (
              b,
              trace, r.log, wre,
              bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
              "-v",
              "link",
              "-d", target_conf,
              host_conf);

            if (!r.status)
              break;
          }

          if (create_module)
          {
            r.status |= run_bpkg (
              b,
              trace, r.log, wre,
              bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
              "-v",
              "link",
              "-d", target_conf,
              module_conf);

            if (!r.status)
              break;
          }
        }

        if (create_host)
        {
          if (create_module)
          {
            r.status |= run_bpkg (
              b,
              trace, r.log, wre,
              bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
              "-v",
              "link",
              "-d", host_conf,
              module_conf);

            if (!r.status)
              break;
          }
        }
      }

      // Fetch repositories into the main package configuration and the target
      // configuration for external build-time test, if any.
      //
      // bpkg add <env-config-args> <config-args> <repository-url>
      //
      {
        step_id b (step_id::bpkg_configure_add);
        step_id s (step_id::bpkg_configure_add);

        r.status |= run_bpkg (
          b,
          trace, r.log, wre,
          bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
          "-v",
          "add",
          "-d", main_pkg_conf,
          step_args (env_args,    s),
          step_args (config_args, s),
          repo);

        if (!r.status)
          break;
      }

      // bpkg fetch <env-config-args> <config-args> <trust-options>
      //
      {
        step_id b (step_id::bpkg_configure_fetch);
        step_id s (step_id::bpkg_configure_fetch);

        r.status |= run_bpkg (
          b,
          trace, r.log, wre,
          bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
          "-v",
          "fetch",
          "-d", main_pkg_conf,
          step_args (env_args,    s),
          step_args (config_args, s),
          trust_ops);

        if (!r.status)
          break;
      }

      if (has_buildtime_tests)
      {
        // bpkg add <env-config-args> <config-args> <repository-url>
        //
        {
          step_id b (step_id::bpkg_configure_add);
          step_id s (step_id::bpkg_configure_add);

          r.status |= run_bpkg (
            b,
            trace, r.log, wre,
            bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
            "-v",
            "add",
            "-d", target_conf,
            step_args (env_args,    s),
            step_args (config_args, s),
            repo);

          if (!r.status)
            break;
        }

        // bpkg fetch <env-config-args> <config-args> <trust-options>
        //
        {
          step_id b (step_id::bpkg_configure_fetch);
          step_id s (step_id::bpkg_configure_fetch);

          r.status |= run_bpkg (
            b,
            trace, r.log, wre,
            bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
            "-v",
            "fetch",
            "-d", target_conf,
            step_args (env_args,    s),
            step_args (config_args, s),
            trust_ops);

          if (!r.status)
            break;
        }
      }

      // Configure all the packages using a single bpkg-pkg-build command.
      //
      // The overall command looks like this (but some parts may be omitted):
      //
      // bpkg build --configure-only <env-config-args> <config-args>
      //      { <config> <env-config-args> <config-args> }+ <pkg>
      //      { <config> <env-config-args> <config-args> }+ { <runtime-test>... }
      //      {          <env-config-args> <config-args> }+ { <buildtime-test>... }
      //

      // Add the main package args.
      //
      // Also add the external runtime test packages here since they share the
      // configuration directory with the main package.
      //
      strings pkg_args;
      {
        step_id s (target_pkg ? step_id::bpkg_target_configure_build :
                   host_pkg   ? step_id::bpkg_host_configure_build   :
                                step_id::bpkg_module_configure_build);

        step_id f1 (step_id::b_configure);
        step_id f2 (step_id::bpkg_configure_build);

        cstrings eas (step_args (env_args,    s, f1, f2));
        cstrings cas (step_args (config_args, s, f1, f2));

        // Main package configuration name.
        //
        string conf_name (main_pkg_conf == root_conf ? ""       :
                          host_pkg                   ? "host"   :
                                                       "module");

        // Add the main package.
        //
        {
          if (!eas.empty () || !cas.empty () || !conf_name.empty ())
          {
            pkg_args.push_back ("{");

            if (!conf_name.empty ())
            {
              pkg_args.push_back ("--config-name");
              pkg_args.push_back (conf_name);
            }

            pkg_args.insert (pkg_args.end (), eas.begin (), eas.end ());
            pkg_args.insert (pkg_args.end (), cas.begin (), cas.end ());

            pkg_args.push_back ("}+");
          }

          pkg_args.push_back (pkg_rev);
        }

        // Add the runtime test packages.
        //
        if (has_runtime_tests)
        {
          bool og (!conf_name.empty () ||
                   bootstrap_import    ||
                   !eas.empty ()       ||
                   !cas.empty ());

          if (og)
          {
            pkg_args.push_back ("{");

            if (!conf_name.empty ())
            {
              pkg_args.push_back ("--config-name");
              pkg_args.push_back (conf_name);
            }

            if (bootstrap_import)
              pkg_args.push_back (*bootstrap_import);

            pkg_args.insert (pkg_args.end (),
                             make_move_iterator (eas.begin ()),
                             make_move_iterator (eas.end ()));

            pkg_args.insert (pkg_args.end (),
                             make_move_iterator (cas.begin ()),
                             make_move_iterator (cas.end ()));

            pkg_args.push_back ("}+");
          }

          // Add test dependency package constraints (for example
          // 'bar > 1.0.0') and group them if there are multiple of them.
          //
          if (og && runtime_tests.size () != 1)
            pkg_args.push_back ("{");

          for (auto t: runtime_tests)
            pkg_args.push_back (t.string ());

          if (og && runtime_tests.size () != 1)
            pkg_args.push_back ("}");
        }
      }

      // Add the external build-time test packages.
      //
      // Note that if present, they are always configured in the root
      // configuration and thus don't require --config-name.
      //
      if (has_buildtime_tests)
      {
        step_id s (step_id::bpkg_target_configure_build);
        step_id f (step_id::bpkg_configure_build);

        cstrings eas (step_args (env_args,    s, f));
        cstrings cas (step_args (config_args, s, f));

        bool og (bootstrap_import || !eas.empty () || !cas.empty ());

        if (og)
        {
          pkg_args.push_back ("{");

          if (bootstrap_import)
            pkg_args.push_back (*bootstrap_import);

          pkg_args.insert (pkg_args.end (),
                           make_move_iterator (eas.begin ()),
                           make_move_iterator (eas.end ()));

          pkg_args.insert (pkg_args.end (),
                           make_move_iterator (cas.begin ()),
                           make_move_iterator (cas.end ()));

          pkg_args.push_back ("}+");
        }

        // Add test dependency package constraints and group them if there are
        // multiple of them.
        //
        if (og && buildtime_tests.size () != 1)
          pkg_args.push_back ("{");

        // Strip the build-time mark.
        //
        for (auto t: buildtime_tests)
          pkg_args.push_back (t.dependency::string ());

        if (og && buildtime_tests.size () != 1)
          pkg_args.push_back ("}");
      }

      // Finally, configure all the packages.
      //
      // Note that in the future we can run this command with the
      // --rebuild-checksum option first to obtain the dependency tree
      // checksum and bail out if it didn't change since the previous build.
      //
      {
        step_id b (step_id::bpkg_configure_build);
        step_id s (step_id::bpkg_global_configure_build);

        r.status |= run_bpkg (
          b,
          trace, r.log, wre,
          bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
          "-v",
          "build",
          "--configure-only",
          "--checkout-root", dist_root,
          "--yes",
          "-d", root_conf,
          step_args (env_args,    s),
          step_args (config_args, s),
          "--",
          pkg_args);

        if (!r.status)
          break;
      }

      change_wd (trace, &r.log, main_pkg_conf);

      // Redistribute the main package, if required (test packages will be
      // handled later).
      //
      if (exists (dist_src))
      {
        step_id b (step_id::bpkg_configure_build);

        if (!redist (b, r, dist_root, pkg_dir))
          break;
      }

      rm.status |= r.status;
    }

    // Update the main package.
    //
    {
      operation_result& r (add_result ("update"));

      // bpkg update <env-config-args> <config-args> <package-name>
      //
      step_id b (step_id::bpkg_update);
      step_id s (step_id::bpkg_update);

      r.status |= run_bpkg (
        b,
        trace, r.log, wre,
        bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
        "-v",
        "update",
        step_args (env_args,    s),
        step_args (config_args, s),
        pkg);

      if (!r.status)
        break;

      rm.status |= r.status;
    }

    // Re-distribute if comes from a version control-based repository, update,
    // and test external test packages in the bpkg configuration in the
    // current working directory. Optionally pass the config.import.* variable
    // override and/or set the environment variables for the bpkg processes.
    // Return true if all operations for all packages succeeded.
    //
    // Pass true as the installed argument to use the test separate installed
    // phase step ids (bpkg.test-separate-installed.*) and the test separate
    // phase step ids (bpkg.test-separate.*) otherwise. In both cases fall
    // back to the main phase step ids (bpkg.*) when no environment/
    // configuration arguments are specified for them.
    //
    auto test = [&trace, &wre,
                 &bkp_step, &bkp_status, &last_cmd,
                 &step_args, &config_args, &env_args,
                 &bootstrap_import,
                 &redist]
                (operation_result& r,
                 const small_vector<test_dependency, 1>& tests,
                 const dir_path& dist_root,
                 bool installed,
                 const small_vector<string, 1>& envvars = {})
    {
      const optional<string>& import (!installed
                                      ? bootstrap_import
                                      : nullopt);

      for (const test_dependency& td: tests)
      {
        const string& pkg (td.name.string ());

        // Re-distribute.
        //
        if (exists (dist_root))
        {
          // Note that re-distributing the test package is a bit tricky since
          // we don't know its version and so cannot deduce its source
          // directory name easily. We could potentially run the bpkg-status
          // command after the package is configured and parse the output to
          // obtain the version. Let's, however, keep it simple and find the
          // source directory using the package directory name pattern.
          //
          try
          {
            dir_path pkg_dir;

            path_search (dir_path (pkg + "-*/"),
                         [&pkg_dir] (path&& pe, const string&, bool interm)
                         {
                           if (!interm)
                             pkg_dir = path_cast<dir_path> (move (pe));

                           return interm;
                         },
                         dist_root);

            if (!pkg_dir.empty ())
            {
              step_id b (
                installed
                ? step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_configure_build
                : step_id::bpkg_configure_build);

              if (!redist (b, r, dist_root, pkg_dir, import, envvars))
                return false;
            }
          }
          catch (const system_error& e)
          {
            fail << "unable to scan directory " << dist_root << ": " << e;
          }
        }

        // Update.
        //
        // bpkg update <env-config-args> <config-args> <package-name>
        //
        {
          step_id b (installed
                     ? step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_update
                     : step_id::bpkg_test_separate_update);

          step_id s (installed
                     ? step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_update
                     : step_id::bpkg_test_separate_update);

          step_id f (step_id::bpkg_update);

          r.status |= run_bpkg (
            b,
            envvars,
            trace, r.log, wre,
            bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
            "-v",
            "update",
            step_args (env_args,    s, f),
            step_args (config_args, s, f),
            import,
            pkg);

          if (!r.status)
            return false;
        }

        // Test.
        //
        // Note that we assume that the package supports the test operation
        // since this is its main purpose.
        //
        // bpkg test <env-config-args> <config-args> <package-name>
        //
        {
          step_id b (installed
                     ? step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_test
                     : step_id::bpkg_test_separate_test);

          step_id s (installed
                     ? step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_test
                     : step_id::bpkg_test_separate_test);

          step_id f (step_id::bpkg_test);

          r.status |= run_bpkg (
            b,
            envvars,
            trace, r.log, wre,
            bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
            "-v",
            "test",
            "--package-cwd", // See above for details.
            step_args (env_args,    s, f),
            step_args (config_args, s, f),
            import,
            pkg);

          if (!r.status)
            return false;
        }
      }

      return true;
    };

    // Test the main package.
    //
    b_project_info prj (prj_info (pkg_dir, true /* ext_mods */, "project"));

    // Run the internal tests if the test operation is supported by the
    // project but only for the target package or if the configuration is
    // self-hosted.
    //
    bool has_internal_tests ((target_pkg || selfhost) &&
                             find (prj.operations.begin (),
                                   prj.operations.end (),
                                   "test") != prj.operations.end ());

    if (has_internal_tests || has_runtime_tests || has_buildtime_tests)
    {
      operation_result& r (add_result ("test"));

      // Run internal tests.
      //
      if (has_internal_tests)
      {
        // Use --package-cwd to help ported to build2 third-party packages a
        // bit (see bpkg-pkg-test(1) for details).
        //
        // Note that internal tests that load the module itself don't make
        // much sense, thus we don't pass the config.import.*  variable on
        // the command line for modules that require bootstrap.
        //
        // bpkg test <env-config-args> <config-args> <package-name>
        //
        step_id b (step_id::bpkg_test);
        step_id s (step_id::bpkg_test);

        r.status |= run_bpkg (
          b,
          trace, r.log, wre,
          bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
          "-v",
          "test",
          "--package-cwd",
          step_args (env_args,    s),
          step_args (config_args, s),
          pkg);

        if (!r.status)
          break;
      }

      // External runtime tests.
      //
      // Note that we assume that these packages belong to the dependent
      // package's repository or its complement repositories, recursively.
      // Thus, we test them in the configuration used to build the dependent
      // package.
      //
      if (has_runtime_tests)
      {
        if (!test (r, runtime_tests, dist_root, false /* installed */))
          break;
      }

      // External build-time tests.
      //
      if (has_buildtime_tests)
      {
        change_wd (trace, &r.log, rwd / target_conf);

        if (!test (r, buildtime_tests, dist_root, false /* installed */))
          break;
      }

      rm.status |= r.status;
    }

    // Install the package, optionally test the installation and uninstall
    // afterwards.
    //
    // These operations are triggered by presence of config.install.root
    // configuration variable having a non-empty value for
    // bpkg.configure.create step.
    //
    if (install_root.empty ())
      break;

    // If this is not a self-hosted configuration, then skip installing host
    // and module packages.
    //
    if (!target_pkg && !selfhost)
      break;

    // Now the overall plan is as follows:
    //
    // 1. Install the package.
    //
    // 2. If the package has subprojects that support the test operation, then
    //    configure, build, and test them out of the source tree against the
    //    installed package using the build system directly.
    //
    // 3. If any of the test packages are specified, then configure, build,
    //    and test them in a separate bpkg configuration(s) against the
    //    installed package.
    //
    // 4. Uninstall the package.

    // Install.
    //
    {
      operation_result& r (add_result ("install"));

      change_wd (trace, &r.log, rwd / main_pkg_conf);

      // bpkg install <env-config-args> <config-args> <package-name>
      //
      step_id b (step_id::bpkg_install);
      step_id s (step_id::bpkg_install);

      r.status |= run_bpkg (
        b,
        trace, r.log, wre,
        bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
        "-v",
        "install",
        step_args (env_args,    s),
        step_args (config_args, s),
        pkg);

      if (!r.status)
        break;

      rm.status |= r.status;
    }

    // Run the internal tests if the project contains "testable" subprojects,
    // but not for a module.
    //
    has_internal_tests = false;

    dir_paths subprj_dirs; // "Testable" package subprojects.

    if (!module_pkg)
    {
      // Collect the "testable" subprojects.
      //
      for (const b_project_info::subproject& sp: prj.subprojects)
      {
        // Retrieve the subproject information similar to how we've done it
        // for the package.
        //
        b_project_info si (prj_info (pkg_dir / sp.path,
                                     true /* ext_mods */,
                                     "subproject"));

        const strings& ops (si.operations);
        if (find (ops.begin (), ops.end (), "test") != ops.end ())
          subprj_dirs.push_back (sp.path);
      }

      has_internal_tests = !subprj_dirs.empty ();
    }

    if (has_internal_tests || has_runtime_tests || has_buildtime_tests)
    {
      operation_result& r (add_result ("test-installed"));

      change_wd (trace, &r.log, rwd);

      // Make sure that the installed package executables are properly
      // imported when configuring and running tests, unless we are testing
      // the build system module (that supposedly doesn't install any
      // executables).
      //
      small_vector<string, 1> envvars;

      if (!module_pkg)
      {
        // Note that we add the $config.install.root/bin directory at the
        // beginning of the PATH environment variable value, so the installed
        // executables are found first.
        //
        string paths ("PATH=" + (install_root / "bin").string ());

        if (optional<string> s = getenv ("PATH"))
        {
          paths += path::traits_type::path_separator;
          paths += *s;
        }

        envvars.push_back (move (paths));
      }

      // Run internal tests.
      //
      if (has_internal_tests)
      {
        // Create the configuration.
        //
        // b create(<dir>, <env-modules>) <env-config-args> <config-args>
        //
        // Amalgamation directory that will contain configuration subdirectory
        // for package tests out of source tree build.
        //
        dir_path out_dir ("build-installed");

        {
          step_id b (step_id::b_test_installed_create);
          step_id s (step_id::b_test_installed_create);
          step_id f (step_id::b_create);

          string mods; // build2 create meta-operation parameters.

          for (const char* m: step_args (modules, s, f))
          {
            mods += mods.empty () ? ", " : " ";
            mods += m;
          }

          r.status |= run_b (
            b,
            trace, r.log, wre,
            bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
            "-V",
            "create('" + out_dir.representation () + "'" + mods + ")",
            step_args (env_args,    s, f),
            step_args (config_args, s, f));

          if (!r.status)
            break;
        }

        // Configure testable subprojects sequentially and test/build in
        // parallel afterwards.
        //
        strings test_specs;
        for (const dir_path& d: subprj_dirs)
        {
          // b configure(<subprj-src-dir>@<subprj-out-dir>) <env-config-args>
          //                                                <config-args>
          //
          step_id b (step_id::b_test_installed_configure);
          step_id s (step_id::b_test_installed_configure);
          step_id f (step_id::b_configure);

          dir_path subprj_src_dir (exists (dist_src)
                                   ? dist_src / d
                                   : main_pkg_conf / pkg_dir / d);

          dir_path subprj_out_dir (out_dir / d);

          r.status |= run_b (
            b,
            envvars,
            trace, r.log, wre,
            bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
            "-v",
            "configure('" +
            subprj_src_dir.representation () + "'@'" +
            subprj_out_dir.representation () + "')",
            step_args (env_args,    s, f),
            step_args (config_args, s, f));

          if (!r.status)
            break;

          test_specs.push_back (
            "test('" + subprj_out_dir.representation () + "')");
        }

        if (!r.status)
          break;

        // Build/test subprojects.
        //
        // b test(<subprj-out-dir>)... <env-config-args> <config-args>
        //
        {
          step_id b (step_id::b_test_installed_test);
          step_id s (step_id::b_test_installed_test);

          r.status |= run_b (
            b,
            envvars,
            trace, r.log, wre,
            bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
            "-v",
            test_specs,
            step_args (env_args,    s),
            step_args (config_args, s));

          if (!r.status)
            break;
        }
      }

      // Run runtime and build-time tests.
      //
      // Note that we only build runtime tests for target packages and for
      // host packages in self-hosted configurations.
      //
      if (has_runtime_tests || has_buildtime_tests)
      {
        // Create the required build configurations.
        //
        dir_path target_conf ("build-installed-bpkg");
        dir_path host_conf   ("build-installed-bpkg-host");
        dir_path module_conf ("build-installed-bpkg-module");

        // Create the target configuration if this is a target package having
        // external runtime tests or a host/module package having external
        // build-time tests.
        //
        bool create_target (target_pkg || has_buildtime_tests);

        // Note that even if there are no runtime tests for a host/module
        // package, we still need to create the host/build2 configuration to
        // configure the system package in.
        //
        bool create_host   (host_pkg || module_pkg);
        bool create_module (module_pkg || (host_pkg && has_buildtime_tests));

        // Note: a module package cannot have runtime tests and so the module
        // configuration is only created to serve build-time tests. Thus, the
        // host or target configuration is always created as well and the
        // module configuration is never a root configuration.
        //
        assert (create_target || create_host);

        // Root configuration through which we will be configuring the
        // cluster.
        //
        const dir_path& root_conf (create_target ? target_conf : host_conf);

        // Runtime tests configuration. Should only be used if there are any.
        //
        const dir_path& runtime_tests_conf (target_pkg
                                            ? target_conf
                                            : host_conf);

        // Create the target configuration.
        //
        // bpkg create <env-modules> <env-config-args> <config-args>
        //
        if (create_target)
        {
          step_id b (step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_create);

          // Note that here and below the _for_* step ids are determined by
          // the main package type (and, yes, that means we will use the same
          // step ids for target and host configuration -- that, however,
          // should be ok since host configuration will only be created in
          // the self-hosted case).
          //
          step_id s (
            target_pkg
            ? step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_create_for_target
            : host_pkg
              ? step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_create_for_host
              : step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_create_for_module);

          // Note: no fallback for modules.
          //
          optional<step_id> f (!module_pkg
                               ? step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_create
                               : optional<step_id> ());

          r.status |= run_bpkg (
            b,
            trace, r.log, wre,
            bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
            "-V",
            "create",
            "-d", target_conf,
            step_args (modules,     s, f),
            step_args (env_args,    s, f),
            step_args (config_args, s, f));

          if (!r.status)
            break;
        }

        // Create the host configuration.
        //
        if (create_host)
        {
          // bpkg create --type host <env-modules> <env-config-args> <config-args>
          //
          step_id b (step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_create);

          step_id s (
            host_pkg
            ? step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_create_for_host
            : step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_create_for_module);

          // Note: no fallback for modules.
          //
          optional<step_id> f (!module_pkg
                               ? step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_create
                               : optional<step_id> ());

          r.status |= run_bpkg (
            b,
            trace, r.log, wre,
            bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
            "-V",
            "create",
            "-d", host_conf,
            "--type", "host",
            "--name", "host",
            step_args (modules,     s, f),
            step_args (env_args,    s, f),
            step_args (config_args, s, f));

          if (!r.status)
            break;
        }

        // Create the module configuration.
        //
        // Note that we never build any tests in it but only configure the
        // system package. Note, however, that the host/module package
        // build-time tests can potentially build some other modules here.
        //
        if (create_module)
        {
          // b create(<dir>) config.config.load=~build2
          //
          step_id b (step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_create);

          r.status |= run_b (
            b,
            trace, r.log, wre,
            bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
            "-V",
            "create(" + module_conf.representation () + ",cc)",
            "config.config.load=~build2",
            "config.config.persist+='config.*'@unused=drop");

          if (!r.status)
            break;

          // bpkg create --existing --type build2
          //
          r.status |= run_bpkg (
            b,
            trace, r.log, wre,
            bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
            "-v",
            "create",
            "--existing",
            "-d", module_conf,
            "--type", "build2",
            "--name", "module");

          if (!r.status)
            break;
        }

        // Link the configurations.
        //
        // bpkg link -d <dir> <dir>
        //
        {
          step_id b (step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_link);

          if (create_target)
          {
            if (create_host)
            {
              r.status |= run_bpkg (
                b,
                trace, r.log, wre,
                bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
                "-v",
                "link",
                "-d", target_conf,
                host_conf);

              if (!r.status)
                break;
            }

            if (create_module)
            {
              r.status |= run_bpkg (
                b,
                trace, r.log, wre,
                bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
                "-v",
                "link",
                "-d", target_conf,
                module_conf);

              if (!r.status)
                break;
            }
          }

          if (create_host)
          {
            if (create_module)
            {
              r.status |= run_bpkg (
                b,
                trace, r.log, wre,
                bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
                "-v",
                "link",
                "-d", host_conf,
                module_conf);

              if (!r.status)
                break;
            }
          }
        }

        // Add and fetch the repositories.
        //
        if (has_runtime_tests)
        {
          // bpkg add <env-config-args> <config-args> <repository-url>
          //
          {
            step_id b (step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_configure_add);
            step_id s (step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_configure_add);
            step_id f (step_id::bpkg_configure_add);

            r.status |= run_bpkg (
              b,
              trace, r.log, wre,
              bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
              "-v",
              "add",
              "-d", runtime_tests_conf,
              step_args (env_args,    s, f),
              step_args (config_args, s, f),
              repo);

            if (!r.status)
              break;
          }

          // bpkg fetch <env-config-args> <config-args> <trust-options>
          //
          {
            step_id b (step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_configure_fetch);
            step_id s (step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_configure_fetch);
            step_id f (step_id::bpkg_configure_fetch);

            r.status |= run_bpkg (
              b,
              trace, r.log, wre,
              bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
              "-v",
              "fetch",
              "-d", runtime_tests_conf,
              step_args (env_args,    s, f),
              step_args (config_args, s, f),
              trust_ops);

            if (!r.status)
              break;
          }
        }

        if (has_buildtime_tests)
        {
          // bpkg add <env-config-args> <config-args> <repository-url>
          //
          {
            step_id b (step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_configure_add);
            step_id s (step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_configure_add);
            step_id f (step_id::bpkg_configure_add);

            r.status |= run_bpkg (
              b,
              trace, r.log, wre,
              bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
              "-v",
              "add",
              "-d", target_conf,
              step_args (env_args,    s, f),
              step_args (config_args, s, f),
              repo);

            if (!r.status)
              break;
          }

          // bpkg fetch <env-config-args> <config-args> <trust-options>
          //
          {
            step_id b (step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_configure_fetch);
            step_id s (step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_configure_fetch);
            step_id f (step_id::bpkg_configure_fetch);

            r.status |= run_bpkg (
              b,
              trace, r.log, wre,
              bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
              "-v",
              "fetch",
              "-d", target_conf,
              step_args (env_args,    s, f),
              step_args (config_args, s, f),
              trust_ops);

            if (!r.status)
              break;
          }
        }

        // Configure all the packages using a single bpkg-pkg-build command.
        //
        // bpkg build --configure-only <env-config-args> <config-args>
        //      { <config> }+ { <runtime-test>... }
        //                      <buildtime-test>...
        //                      ?sys:<pkg>
        //
        strings pkg_args;

        if (has_runtime_tests)
        {
          // Note that only host package runtime tests can (but not
          // necessarily) be configured in a linked configuration and require
          // --config-name to be specified for them.
          //
          assert (!module_pkg);

          string conf_name (runtime_tests_conf == root_conf
                            ? ""
                            : "host");

          bool og (!conf_name.empty ());

          if (og)
          {
            pkg_args.push_back ("{");

            if (!conf_name.empty ())
            {
              pkg_args.push_back ("--config-name");
              pkg_args.push_back (conf_name);
            }

            pkg_args.push_back ("}+");
          }

          if (og && runtime_tests.size () != 1)
            pkg_args.push_back ("{");

          for (auto t: runtime_tests)
            pkg_args.push_back (t.string ());

          if (og && runtime_tests.size () != 1)
            pkg_args.push_back ("}");
        }

        if (has_buildtime_tests)
        {
          // Strip the build-time mark.
          //
          for (auto t: buildtime_tests)
            pkg_args.push_back (t.dependency::string ());
        }

        pkg_args.push_back ("?sys:" + pkg);

        dir_path dist_root (rwd / dir_path ("dist-installed"));

        // Finally, configure all the test packages.
        //
        {
          step_id b (step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_configure_build);

          step_id g (step_id::bpkg_global_configure_build); // Global.

          step_id s (
            target_pkg
            ? step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_create_for_target
            : host_pkg
              ? step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_create_for_host
              : step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_create_for_module);

          step_id f (step_id::bpkg_test_separate_installed_configure_build);

          r.status |= run_bpkg (
            b,
            envvars,
            trace, r.log, wre,
            bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
            "-v",
            "build",
            "--configure-only",
            "--checkout-root", dist_root,
            "--yes",
            "-d", root_conf,
            step_args (env_args,    g),
            step_args (env_args,    s, f),
            step_args (config_args, g),
            step_args (config_args, s, f),
            "--",
            pkg_args);

          if (!r.status)
            break;
        }

        // Run external runtime tests.
        //
        if (has_runtime_tests)
        {
          const dir_path& runtime_tests_conf (target_pkg
                                              ? target_conf
                                              : host_conf);

          change_wd (trace, &r.log, runtime_tests_conf);

          if (!test (r,
                     runtime_tests,
                     dist_root,
                     true /* installed */,
                     envvars))
            break;
        }

        // Run external build-time tests.
        //
        if (has_buildtime_tests)
        {
          change_wd (trace, &r.log, rwd / target_conf);

          if (!test (r,
                     buildtime_tests,
                     dist_root,
                     true /* installed */,
                     envvars))
          break;
        }

        rm.status |= r.status;
      }
    }

    // Uninstall.
    //
    {
      operation_result& r (add_result ("uninstall"));

      change_wd (trace, &r.log, rwd / main_pkg_conf);

      // bpkg uninstall <env-config-args> <config-args> <package-name>
      //
      step_id b (step_id::bpkg_uninstall);
      step_id s (step_id::bpkg_uninstall);

      r.status |= run_bpkg (
        b,
        trace, r.log, wre,
        bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
        "-v",
        "uninstall",
        step_args (env_args,    s),
        step_args (config_args, s),
        pkg);

      if (!r.status)
        break;

      rm.status |= r.status;
    }

    break;
  }

  if (!rm.results.empty ())
  {
    operation_result& r (rm.results.back ());

    rm.status |= r.status; // Merge last in case of a break.

    // Unless there is an error (or worse) encountered, log the special 'end'
    // step and, if this step is specified in the interactive manifest value,
    // ask the user if to continue the task execution.
    //
    bool error (!rm.status);

    if (!error)
    {
      r.status |= run_cmd (step_id::end,
                           trace, r.log, regexes (),
                           "" /* name */,
                           bkp_step, bkp_status, last_cmd,
                           process_env ());

      rm.status |= r.status;
    }

    // Truncate logs if they would exceed the upload limit.
    //
    // @@ TMP: currently this limit is hard-coded. In the future it should be
    //    sent along with the task manifest.
    //
    const size_t upload_limit (10 * 1024 * 1024);
    {
      // Reserve 10K for other manifest values (alternatively, we could do it
      // exactly in upload_manifest()).
      //
      const size_t manifest_size (10 * 1024);

      size_t n (manifest_size);
      for (const operation_result& r: rm.results)
        n += r.log.size ();

      if (n > upload_limit)
      {
        // Divide the size equally among all the operations and truncate any
        // that exceed their allowance. This way we will get some information
        // for each operation.
        //
        n = (upload_limit - manifest_size) / rm.results.size ();

        for (operation_result& r: rm.results)
        {
          if (r.log.size () <= n)
            continue;

          // We need to be careful not to truncate it in the middle of UTF-8
          // sequence. So we look for the last newline that still fits.
          //
          size_t p (n - 80 /* for the "log truncated" note */);
          for (; p != 0 && r.log[p] != '\n'; --p) ;
          r.log.resize (p != 0 ? p + 1 : 0); // Keep the newline.
          r.log += "-------------------------------LOG TRUNCATED-------------------------------\n";
        }
      }
    }
  }
  else
    assert (rm.status == result_status::abort);

  if (!rwd.empty ())
    change_wd (trace, nullptr /* log */, rwd);

  // Upload the result.
  //
  const string url ("tftp://" + ops.tftp_host () + "/result.manifest.lz4");

  try
  {
    upload_manifest (trace, url, rm, "result");

    // We use exit code 2 to signal abnormal termination but where we managed
    // to upload the result manifest. See startup() for details.
    //
    return rm.status != result_status::abnormal ? 0 : 2;
  }
  catch (const io_error& e)
  {
    error << "unable to upload result manifest to " << url << ": " << e;
  }

  // We use exit code 3 to signal an unsuccessful attempt to upload the result
  // manifest. See startup() for details.
  //
  return 3;
}

static int
startup ()
{
  tracer trace ("startup");

  // Our overall plan is as follows:
  //
  // 1. Download the task manifest into the build directory (CWD).
  //
  // 2. Parse it and get the target.
  //
  // 3. Find the environment setup executable for this target.
  //
  // 4. Execute the environment setup executable.
  //
  // 5. If the environment setup executable fails, then upload the (failed)
  //    result ourselves.
  //
  const string url ("tftp://" + ops.tftp_host () + "/task.manifest");
  const path mf ("task.manifest");

  // If we fail, try to upload the result manifest (abnormal termination). The
  // idea is that the machine gets suspended and we can investigate what's
  // going on by logging in and examining the diagnostics (e.g., via
  // journalctl, etc).
  //
  task_manifest tm;

  try
  {
    // Download the task.
    //
    // We are downloading from our host so there shouldn't normally be any
    // connectivity issues. Unless, of course, we are on Windows where all
    // kinds of flakiness is business as usual. Note that having a long enough
    // timeout is not enough: if we try to connect before the network is up,
    // we will keep waiting forever, even after it is up. So we have to
    // timeout and try again. This is also pretty bad (unlike, say during
    // bootstrap which doesn't happen very often) since we are wasting the
    // machine time. So we are going to log it as a warning and not merely a
    // trace since if this is a common occurrence, then something has to be
    // done about it.
    //
    for (size_t retry (1);; ++retry)
    {
      try
      {
        tftp_curl c (trace,
                     nullfd,
                     mf,
                     curl::get,
                     url,
                     "--tftp-blksize", tftp_blksize,
                     "--max-time", tftp_get_timeout);

        if (!c.wait ())
          throw_generic_error (EIO);

        break;
      }
      catch (const system_error& e)
      {
        bool bail (retry > tftp_get_retries);
        diag_record dr (bail ? error : warn);

        dr << "unable to download task manifest from " << url << " on "
           << retry << " try: " << e;

        if (bail)
          throw failed ();
      }
    }

    // Parse it.
    //
    tm = parse_manifest<task_manifest> (mf, "task");

    // Find the environment setup executable.
    //
    // While the executable path contains a directory (so the PATH search does
    // not apply) we still use process::path_search() to automatically handle
    // appending platform-specific executable extensions (.exe/.bat, etc).
    //
    process_path pp;

    if (tm.environment)
    {
      try
      {
        pp = process::try_path_search (env_dir / *tm.environment,
                                       false /* init */);
      }
      catch (const invalid_path& e)
      {
        fail << "invalid environment name '" << e.path << "': " << e;
      }

      if (pp.empty ())
        fail << "no environment setup executable in " << env_dir << " "
             << "for environment name '" << *tm.environment << "'";
    }
    else
    {
      pp = process::try_path_search (env_dir / "default", false /* init */);

      if (pp.empty ())
        fail << "no default environment setup executable in " << env_dir;
    }

    // Run it.
    //
    strings os;

    string tg (tm.target.string ());

    // Use the name=value notation for options to minimize the number of
    // arguments passed to the environment setup executable. Note that the
    // etc/environments/default-*.bat scripts can only handle the limited
    // number of arguments.
    //
    if (ops.systemd_daemon ())
      os.push_back ("--systemd-daemon");

    if (ops.verbose_specified ())
      os.push_back ("--verbose=" + to_string (ops.verbose ()));

    if (ops.tftp_host_specified ())
      os.push_back ("--tftp-host=" + ops.tftp_host ());

    os.push_back (string ("--env-script=") + pp.effect_string ());
    os.push_back ("--env-target=" + tg);

    // Note that we use the effective (absolute) path instead of recall since
    // we may have changed the CWD.
    //
    // Also note that the worker can ask the user if to continue the task
    // execution when the interactive build breakpoint is reached. Thus, we
    // don't redirect stdin to /dev/null.
    //
    // Exit code 2 signals abnormal termination but where the worker uploaded
    // the result itself.
    //
    // Exit code 3 signals an unsuccessful attempt by the worker to upload the
    // result manifest. There is no reason to retry (most likely there is
    // nobody listening on the other end anymore).
    //
    switch (run_io_exit (trace, 0, 2, 2, pp, tg, argv0.effect_string (), os))
    {
    case 3:
    case 2:  return 1;
    case 0:  return 0;
    default: fail << "process " << pp << " exited with non-zero code" << endf;
    }
  }
  catch (const failed&)
  {
    const string url ("tftp://" + ops.tftp_host () + "/result.manifest.lz4");

    // If we failed before being able to parse the task manifest, use the
    // "unknown" values for the package name and version.
    //
    result_manifest rm {
      tm.name.empty ()    ? bpkg::package_name ("unknown") : tm.name,
      tm.version.empty () ? bpkg::version ("0")            : tm.version,
      result_status::abnormal,
      operation_results {}
    };

    try
    {
      upload_manifest (trace, url, rm, "result");
    }
    catch (const io_error& e)
    {
      fail << "unable to upload result manifest to " << url << ": " << e;
    }

    return 1;
  }
}

static int
bootstrap ()
{
  bootstrap_manifest bm {
    bootstrap_manifest::versions_type {
      {"bbot",    standard_version (BBOT_VERSION_STR)},
      {"libbbot", standard_version (LIBBBOT_VERSION_STR)},
      {"libbpkg", standard_version (LIBBPKG_VERSION_STR)},
      {"libbutl", standard_version (LIBBUTL_VERSION_STR)}
    }
  };

  serialize_manifest (bm, cout, "stdout", "bootstrap");

  return 0;
}

int bbot::
main (int argc, char* argv[])
try
{
  tracer trace ("main");

  // This is a little hack to make our baseutils for Windows work when called
  // with absolute path. In a nutshell, MSYS2's exec*p() doesn't search in the
  // parent's executable directory, only in PATH. And since we are running
  // without a shell (that would read /etc/profile which sets PATH to some
  // sensible values), we are only getting Win32 PATH values. And MSYS2 /bin
  // is not one of them. So what we are going to do is add /bin at the end of
  // PATH (which will be passed as is by the MSYS2 machinery). This will make
  // MSYS2 search in /bin (where our baseutils live). And for everyone else
  // this should be harmless since it is not a valid Win32 path.
  //
#ifdef _WIN32
  {
    string mp;
    if (optional<string> p = getenv ("PATH"))
    {
      mp = move (*p);
      mp += ';';
    }
    mp += "/bin";

    setenv ("PATH", mp);
  }
#endif

  // On POSIX ignore SIGPIPE which is signaled to a pipe-writing process if
  // the pipe reading end is closed. Note that by default this signal
  // terminates a process. Also note that there is no way to disable this
  // behavior on a file descriptor basis or for the write() function call.
  //
  // On Windows disable displaying error reporting dialog box. Note that the
  // error mode is inherited by child processes.
  //
#ifndef _WIN32
  if (signal (SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN) == SIG_ERR)
    fail << "unable to ignore broken pipe (SIGPIPE) signal: "
         << system_error (errno, std::generic_category ()); // Sanitize.
#else
  SetErrorMode (SetErrorMode (0) | // Returns the current mode.
                SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS | SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX);
#endif

  cli::argv_scanner scan (argc, argv, true);
  ops.parse (scan);

  verb = ops.verbose ();

  // @@ systemd 231 added JOURNAL_STREAM environment variable which allows
  //    detecting if stderr is connected to the journal.
  //
  if (ops.systemd_daemon ())
    systemd_diagnostics (false);

  // Version.
  //
  if (ops.version ())
  {
    cout << "bbot-worker " << BBOT_VERSION_ID << endl
         << "libbbot " << LIBBBOT_VERSION_ID << endl
         << "libbpkg " << LIBBPKG_VERSION_ID << endl
         << "libbutl " << LIBBUTL_VERSION_ID << endl
         << "Copyright (c) " << BBOT_COPYRIGHT << "." << endl
         << "This is free software released under the MIT license." << endl;

    return 0;
  }

  // Help.
  //
  if (ops.help ())
  {
    pager p ("bbot-worker help", false);
    print_bbot_worker_usage (p.stream ());

    // If the pager failed, assume it has issued some diagnostics.
    //
    return p.wait () ? 0 : 1;
  }

  // Figure out our mode.
  //
  if (ops.bootstrap () && ops.startup ())
    fail << "--bootstrap and --startup are mutually exclusive";

  enum class mode {boot, start, build} m (mode::build);

  if (ops.bootstrap ()) m = mode::boot;
  if (ops.startup ())   m = mode::start;

  if (ops.systemd_daemon ())
  {
    info << "bbot worker " << BBOT_VERSION_ID;
  }

  // Figure out our path (used for re-exec).
  //
  argv0 = process::path_search (argv[0], true);

  // Sort out the build directory.
  //
  if (ops.build_specified ())
    change_wd (trace,
               nullptr /* log */,
               ops.build (),
               true /* create */);

  // Sort out the environment directory.
  //
  try
  {
    env_dir = ops.environments_specified ()
      ? ops.environments ()
      : dir_path::home_directory ();

    if (!dir_exists (env_dir))
      throw_generic_error (ENOENT);
  }
  catch (const system_error& e)
  {
    fail << "invalid environment directory: " << e;
  }

  int r (1);
  switch (m)
  {
  case mode::boot:  r = bootstrap ();                            break;
  case mode::start: r = startup ();                              break;
  case mode::build: r = build (static_cast<size_t> (argc),
                               const_cast<const char**> (argv)); break;
  }

  return r;
}
catch (const failed&)
{
  return 1; // Diagnostics has already been issued.
}
catch (const cli::exception& e)
{
  error << e;
  return 1;
}

int
main (int argc, char* argv[])
{
  return bbot::main (argc, argv);
}